Dinosaur fossils & 3D skeletons › Parasaurolophus
Parasaurolophus Fossil & 3D Skeleton
Parasaurolophus walkeri
- Age
- Cretaceous, about 77.9 million years ago
- Found in
- Canada
- Length
- 9.4 m
- Height
- 3.5 m
- Group
- Duck-billed dinosaur relatives
How this 3D skeleton was made
This 3D model is a reconstruction. Most bone shapes (291 of 301) are borrowed from close relatives and fitted to this species' size and body proportions. The bone shapes are not the actual shapes of this species' fossils. 4 bones were shaped from photos or figures of this species' own fossils. 6 are estimated.
From this species 4Borrowed from relatives 291Estimated 6
Bones known from fossils
143 of 301 bones are known from fossils. 158 are missing and filled in.
Known 143Filled in 158No record 0
Tap a bone on the 3D page to see where each bone shape came from.
Sources
- 3D Skeleton: Borrowed bone shapes from the template 'Edmontosaurus annectens (template)' (O7). Because there are no actual measurements of body proportions for this species, its size was determined from a femur length of 1045 mm from a specimen (ROM 768) in the table of Benson et al. (2018), the humerus was matched to the bone length of the same specimen, and other body proportions remain those of the template. [Scaled to commonly cited body length] Building it from recorded bone lengths resulted in a total length of 6.96 m, which differed significantly from the commonly cited body length (9.45–9.45 m; Farke et al. 2013, from the English Wikipedia 'Parasaurolophus' article), so the entire skeleton was scaled up by 1.36× to 9.45 m (either because the recorded specimen is a small individual, or because the template's body proportions differ from this species). The shape of each bone belongs to the template species, not this species. Source of template skeleton: 3D Skeleton: The Edmontosaurus model from Sellers & Pond (2015) Kinect controlled dinosaur simulations, figshare doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.2008977 (CC BY 4.0) was segmented bone-by-bone and named on this site. Original specimen and scale are not stated in the source. Used as a template (reference) for duck-billed dinosaurs. Roster Pose (2026-09-30): Referencing the foot placement in Prieto-Márquez et al. 2012 PLOS ONE Fig. 2A (Magnapaulia), an estimated bipedal stepping pose was created with both forelimbs raised and head turned. Stride, joint angles, head and neck orientation, and lateral tail swing are display estimates tailored to this model, not reproductions of measured motion or speed for this species. An additional trunk tilt of -7° (positive is nose-down) is also estimated. Instead of a walking diagram of this species itself, bone orientations from a related species with the same walking style were applied.
- A per-bone table for ornithischians (horned, plated, and beaked dinosaurs) has not yet been found. Since there are no per-bone records, it is colored gray = unknown.
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