Dinosaur fossils & 3D skeletons › Carnotaurus
Carnotaurus Fossil & 3D Skeleton
Carnotaurus sastrei
- Age
- Cretaceous, about 69.1 million years ago
- Found in
- Argentina
- Length
- 9.3 m
- Height
- 3.0 m
- Estimated mass
- about 1.6 t
- Group
- Abelisaur relatives
How this 3D skeleton was made
This 3D model is a reconstruction. Most bone shapes (197 of 226) are borrowed from close relatives and fitted to this species' size and body proportions. The bone shapes are not the actual shapes of this species' fossils. 29 are estimated.
From this species 0Borrowed from relatives 197Estimated 29
Bones known from fossils
168 of 226 bones are known from fossils. 58 are missing and filled in.
Known 168Filled in 58No record 0
Tap a bone on the 3D page to see where each bone shape came from.
Sources
- 3D skeleton: Borrowed bone shapes from the template 'Ceratosaurus' (T3). Because this species lacks measured body part lengths, its size was determined from the 1035 mm femur of one specimen (MACN CH 894) in the table of Benson et al. (2018), the humerus was matched to the bone length of the same specimen, and the proportions of other body parts were kept from the template. The shapes of individual bones are not from this species, but from the template species. Ornaments unique to the template species (head horn) were removed. Source of template skeleton: 3D skeleton: Created on this site. Bone shapes were traced from outlines of the plates and figures (skull, neck vertebrae, tail vertebrae, pelvis, scapula, femur, tibia, metatarsals) of the type specimen USNM 4735 in Gilmore 1920 (Bulletin of the United States National Museum 110, public domain), and sizes were matched to the dimension tables in the same book. Since no usable figures exist for this species' back vertebrae, distal tail, and humerus, shapes were borrowed from figures of Allosaurus in the same book and matched to the length and height in Ceratosaurus's table Posture (2026-09-30): Used bone orientations directly read in pixels from Pacheco et al. 2019 PeerJ (CC BY) Fig. 1H (skeletal diagram of Gnathovorax in a walking pose) (front leg: femur 50° forward, shin 46° backward, instep 24° forward; back leg: femur 12° backward, shin 67° backward, instep 16° forward; arm: humerus 40° backward, forearm 66° forward). Since the figure shows only one arm, the far arm was swung slightly forward (estimated). The heights of the soles of both feet were leveled by adjusting the angle of the back leg's shin (and instep if needed). The sideways turn of the neck and sideways curve of the tail are estimated (the figure only shows a side view). Bone orientations were taken not from a walking diagram of this species itself, but from a relative with the same walking style. The neck was turned slightly to the side, and the tail was curved sideways (magnitude of angle is estimated; the figure is side view only).
- Known bones: Per-species bone table from Cashmore, Butler & Maidment (2021) (Zenodo 5029952, CC0). Because vertebrae are recorded as "at least one found" per section (neck, back, hips, and tail), bones within each section share the same color.
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