『ギュルヴィたぶらかし』の原典
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Gylfi konungr réð þar löndum er nú heitir Svíþjóð. Frá honum er þat sagt at hann gaf einni farandi konu at launum skemmtunar sinnar eitt plógsland í ríki sínu þat er fjórir öxn drægi upp dag ok nótt. En sú kona var ein af ása ætt, hon er nefnd Gefjun. Hon tók fjóra öxn norðan ór Jötunheimum, en þat váru synir jötuns nökkurs ok hennar, ok setti þá fyrir plóg, en plógrinn gekk svá breitt ok djúpt at upp leysti landit, ok drógu öxnirnir þat land út á hafit ok vestr ok námu staðar í sundi nökkuru. Þar setti Gefjun landit ok gaf nafn ok kallaði Selund. Ok þar sem landit hafði upp gengit var þar eftir vatn. Þat er nú Lögrinn kallaðr í Svíþjóð, ok liggja svá víkr í Leginum sem nes í Selundi. Svá segir Bragi skáld gamli: Gefjun dró frá Gylfa / glöð djúpröðul óðla, / svá at af rennirauknum / rauk, Danmarkar auka. / Báru öxn ok átta / ennitungl, þars gengu / fyrir vineyjar víðri / valrauf, fjögur höfuð.
Gylfi konungr var maðr vitr ok fjölkunnigr. Hann undraðist þat mjök, er ásafólk var svá kunnigt, at allir hlutir gengu at vilja þeira. Þat hugsaði hann, hvárt þat myndi vera af eðli sjálfra þeira eða myndi því valda goðmögn þau, er þeir blótuðu. Hann byrjaði ferð sína til Ásgarðs ok fór með leynð ok brá á sik gamals manns líki ok dulðist svá. En æsir váru því vísari, at þeir höfðu spádóm, ok sá þeir ferð hans, fyrr en hann kom, ok gerðu í móti honum sjónhverfingar. Ok er hann kom inn í borgina, þá sá hann þar háva höll, svá at varla mátti hann sjá yfir hana. Þak hennar var lagt gylldum skjöldum svá sem spánþak. Svá segir Þjóðólfr inn hvinverski, at Valhöll var skjöldum þökð: Á baki létu blíkja, / barðir váru grjóti, / Sváfnis salnæfrar / seggir hyggjandi. Gylfi sá mann í hallardurum, ok lék at handsöxum ok hafði sjau senn á lofti. Sá spurði hann fyrr at nafni. Hann nefndist Gangleri ok kominn af refilstigum ok beiddist at sækja til náttstaðar ok spurði, hverr höllina átti. Hann svarar, at þat var konungr þeira, --"en fylgja má ek þér at sjá hann. Skaltu þá sjálfr spyrja hann nafns," -- ok snerist sá maðr fyrir honum inn í höllina, en hann gekk eftir, ok þegar laukst hurðin á hæla honum. Þar sá hann mörg gólf ok margt fólk, sumt með leikum, sumir drukku, sumir með vápnum ok börðust. Þá litaðist hann umb ok þótti margir hlutir ótrúligir, þeir er hann sá. Þá mælti hann: Gáttir allar, / áðr gangi fram, / um skyggnask skyli, / því at óvíst er at vita / hvar óvinir sitja / á fleti fyrir. Hann sá þrjú hásæti ok hvert upp frá öðru, ok sátu þrír menn sinn í hverju. Þá spurði hann, hvert nafn höfðingja þeira væri. Sá svarar, er hann leiddi inn, at sá, er í inu neðsta hásæti sat, var konungr -- "ok heitir Hárr, en þar næst sá, er heitir Jafnhárr, en sá ofast, er Þriði heitir." Þá spyrr Hárr komandann, hvárt fleira er erendi hans, en heimill er matr ok drykkr honum sem öllum þar í Háva höll. Hann segir, at fyrst vill hann spyrja, ef nokkurr er fróðr maðr inni. Hárr segir, at hann komi eigi heill út, nema hann sé fróðari, -- "ok stattu fram, / meðan þú fregn; / sitja skal sá, er segir."
Gangleri hóf svá mál sitt: "Hverr er æðstr eða elztr allra goða?" Hárr segir: "Sá heitir Alföðr at váru máli, en í Ásgarði inum forna átti hann tólf nöfn. Eitt er Alföðr, annat er Herran eða Herjan, þriðja er Nikarr eða Hnikarr, fjórða er Nikuðr eða Hnikuðr, fimmta Fjölnir, sétta Óski, sjaunda Ómi, átta Bifliði eða Biflindi, níunda Sviðurr, tíunda Sviðrir, ellifta Viðrir, tólfta Jálg eða Jálkr." Þá spyrr Gangleri: "Hvar er sá guð, eða hvat má hann, eða hvat hefir hann unnit framaverka?" Hárr segir: "Lifir hann of allar aldir ok stjórnar öllu ríki sínu ok ræðr öllum hlutum, stórum ok smám." Þá mælir Jafnhárr: "Hann smíðaði himin ok jörð ok loftin ok alla eign þeira." Þá mælti Þriði: "Hitt er þó mest, er hann gerði manninn ok gaf honum önd þá, er lifa skal ok aldri týnast, þótt líkaminn fúni at moldu eða brenni at ösku, ok skulu allir menn lifa, þeir er rétt eru siðaðir, ok vera með honum sjálfum þar sem heitir Gimlé eða Vingólf, en vándir menn fara til Heljar ok þaðan í Niflhel. Þat er niðr í inn níunda heim." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvat hafðist hann áðr at en himinn ok jörð væri ger?" Þá svarar Hárr: "Þá var hann með hrímþursum."
Gangleri mælti: "Hvat var upphaf eða hversu hófst, eða hvat var áðr?" Hárr svarar: "Svá sem segir í Völuspá: Ár var alda, / þat er ekki var, / var-a sandr né sær / né svalar unnir; / jörð fannsk eigi / né upphiminn, / gap var Ginnunga, / en gras ekki." Þá mælti Jafnhárr: "Fyrr var þat mörgum öldum en jörð var sköpuð er Niflheimr var gerr, ok í honum miðjum liggr bruðr sá, er Hvergelmir heitir, ok þaðan af falla þær ár, er svá heita: Svöl, Gunnþrá, Fjörm, Fimbulþul, Slíðr ok Hríð, Sylgr ok Ylgr, Víð, Leiftr. Gjöll er næst Helgrindum." Þá mælti Þriði: "Fyrst var þó sá heimr í suðrhálfu, er Múspell heitir. Hann er ljóss ok heitr. Sú átt er logandi ok brennandi. Er hann ok ófærr þeim, er þar eru útlendir ok eigi eigu þar óðul. Sá er Surtr nefndr, er þar sitr á landsenda til landvarnar. Hann hefir loganda sverð, ok í enda veraldar mun hann fara ok herja ok sigra öll goðin ok brenna allan heim með eldi. Svá segir í Völuspá: Surtr ferr sunnan / með sviga lævi, / skínn af sverði / sól valtíva; / grjótbjörg gnata, / en gífr rata, / troða halir helveg, / en himinn klofnar."
Gangleri mælti: "Hversu skipaðist, áðr en ættirnar yrði eða aukaðist mannfólkit?" Þá mælti Hárr: "Ár þær, er kallaðar eru Élivágar, þá er þær váru svá langt komnar frá uppsprettum, at eitrkvika sú, er þar fylgði, harðnaði svá sem sindr þat, er renn ór eldinum, þá varð þat íss. Ok þá er sá íss gaf staðar ok rann eigi, þá hélði yfir þannig, en úr þat, er af stóð eitrinu, fraus at hrími, ok jók hrímit hvert yfir annat allt í Ginnungagap." Þá mælti Jafnhárr: "Ginnungagap, þat er vissi til norðrættar, fylltist með þunga ok höfugleik íss ok hríms ok inn í frá úr ok gustr, en inn syðri hlutr Ginnungagaps léttist mót gneistum ok síum þeim, er flugu ór Múspellsheimi." Þá mælti Þriði: "Svá sem kalt stóð af Niflheimi ok allir hlutir grimmir, svá var allt þat, er vissi námunda Múspelli, heitt ok ljóst, en Ginnungagap var svá hlætt sem loft vindlaust. Ok þá er mættist hrímin ok blær hitans, svá at bráðnaði ok draup, ok af þeim kvikudropum kviknaði með krafti þess, er til sendi hitann, ok varð manns líkandi, ok var sá nefndr Ymir, en hrímþursar kalla hann Aurgelmi, ok eru þaðan komnar ættir hrímþursa, svá sem segir í Völuspá inni skömmu: Eru völur allar / frá Viðolfi, / vitkar allir / frá Vilmeiði, / en seiðberendr / frá Svarthöfða, / jötnar allir / frá Ymi komnir. En hér segir svá Vafþrúðnir jötunn: Ór Élivágum / stukku eitrdropar / ok óx, unz ór varð jötunn; / þar órar ættir / kómu allar saman; / því er þat æ allt til atalt." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvernig óxu ættir þaðan eða skapaðist svá, at fleiri menn urðu, eða trúir þú þann guð, er nú sagðir þú frá?" Þá svarar Hárr: "Fyr engan mun játum vér hann guð. Hann er illr ok allir hans ættmenn. Þá köllum vér hrímþursa. En svá er sagt, at þá er hann svaf, fekk hann sveita. Þá óx undir vinstri hendi honum maðr ok kona, ok annarr fótr hans gat son við öðrum, en þaðan af kómu ættir. Þat eru hrímþursar. Inn gamli hrímþurs, hann köllum vér Ymi."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvar byggði Ymir, eða við hvat lifði hann?" Hárr svarar: "Næst var þat, þá er hrímit draup, at þar varð af kýr sú, er Auðhumla hét, en fjórar mjólkár runnu ór spenum hennar, ok fæddi hon Ymi." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Við hvat fæddist kýrin?" Hárr svarar: "Hon sleikði hrímsteinana, er saltir váru, ok inn fyrsta dag, er hon sleikði steinana, kom ór steininum at kveldi manns hár, annan dag manns höfuð, þriðja dag var þar allr maðr. Sá er nefndr Búri. Hann var fagr álitum, mikill ok máttugr. Hann gat son þann, er Borr hét, hann fekk þeirar konu, er Bestla hét, dóttir Bölþorns jötuns, ok fengu þau þrjá sonu. Hét einn Óðinn, annarr Vili, þriði Vé, ok þat er mín trúa, at sá Óðinn ok hans bræðr munu vera stýrandi himins ok jarðar. Þat ætlum vér, at hann myni svá heita. Svá heitir sá maðr, er vér vitum mestan ok ágæztan, ok vel meguð þér hann láta svá heita."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvat varð þá um þeira sætt, eða hvárir váru ríkari?" Þá svarar Hárr: "Synir Bors drápu Ymi jötun, en er hann féll, þá hljóp svá mikit blóð ór sárum hans, at með því drekkðu þeir allri ætt hrímþursa, nema einn komst undan með sínu hýski. Hann kalla jötnar Bergelmi. Hann fór upp á lúðr sinn ok kona hans ok helzt þar, ok eru af þeim komnar hrímþursa ættir, svá sem hér segir: Örófi vetra / áðr væri jörð of sköpuð, / þá var Bergelmir borinn; / þat ek fyrst of man, / er sá inn fróði jötunn / á var lúðr of lagiðr."
Þá segir Gangleri: "Hvat höfðust þá at Bors synir, ef þú trúir at þeir sé goð?" Hárr segir: "Eigi er þar lítit af at segja. Þeir tóku Ymi ok fluttu í mitt Ginnungagap ok gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin. Jörðin var ger af holdinu, en björgin af beinunum. Grjót ok urðir gerðu þeir af tönnum ok jöxlum ok af þeim beinum, er brotin váru." Þá mælti Jafnhárr: "Af því blóði, er ór sárum rann ok laust fór, þar af gerðu þeir sjá, þann er þeir gerðu ok festu saman jörðina ok lögðu þann sjá í hring útan um hana, ok mun þat flestum manni ófæra þykkja at komast þar yfir." Þá mælti Þriði: "Tóku þeir ok haus hans ok gerðu þar af himin ok settu hann upp yfir jörðina með fjórum skautum, ok undir hvert horn settu þeir dverg. Þeir heita svá: Austri, Vestri, Norðri, Suðri. Þá tóku þeir síur ok gneista þá, er lausir fóru ok kastat hafði ór Múspellsheimi, ok settu á mitt Ginnungap á himin bæði ofan ok neðan til at lýsa himin ok jörð. Þeir gáfu staðar öllum eldingum, sumum á himni, sumar fóru lausar undir himni, ok settu þó þeim stað ok skipuðu göngu þeim. Svá er sagt í fornum vísendum, at þaðan af váru dægr greind ok áratal. Svá sem segir í Völuspá: Sól þat né vissi, / hvar hon sali átti, / máni þat né vissi, / hvat hann megins átti, / stjörnur þat né vissu, / hvar þær staði áttu. Svá var áðr en þetta væri." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Þetta eru mikil tíðendi, er nú heyri ek. Furðumikil smíð er þat ok hagliga ger. Hvernig var jörðin háttuð?" Þá svarar Hárr: "Hon er kringlótt útan, ok þar útan um liggr inn djúpi sjár, ok með þeiri sjávarströndu gáfu þeir lönd til byggðar jötna ættum. En fyrir innan á jörðunni gerðu þeir borg umhverfis heim fyrir ófriði jötna, en til þeirar borgar höfðu þeir brár Ymis jötuns ok kölluðu þá borg Miðgarð. Þeir tóku ok heila hans ok köstuðu í loft ok gerðu af skýin, svá sem hér segir: Ór Ymis holdi / var jörð of sköpuð, / en ór sveita sær, / björg ór beinum, / baðmr ór hári, / en ór hausi himinn. / En ór hans brám / gerðu blíð regin / Miðgarð manna sonum, / en ór hans heila / váru þau in harðmóðgu / ský öll af sköpuð."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Mikit þótti mér þeir hafa þá snúit til leiðar, er jörð ok himinn var gert ok sól ok himintungl váru sett ok skipt dægrum, ok hvaðan kómu mennirnir, þeir er heim byggja?" Þá mælti Hárr: "Þá er þeir gengu með sævarströndu Borssynir, fundu þeir tré tvau ok tóku upp trén ok sköpuðu af menn. Gaf inn fyrsti önd ok líf, annarr vit ok hræring, þriði ásjónu, mál ok heyrn ok sjón, gáfu þeim klæði ok nöfn. Hét karlmaðrinn Askr, en konan Embla, ok ólst þaðan af mannkindin, sú er byggðin var gefinn undir Miðgarði. Þar næst gerðu þeir sér borg í miðjum heimi, er kölluð er Ásgarðr. Þat köllum vér Trója. Þar byggðu goðin ok ættir þeira, ok gerðust þaðan af mörg tíðendi ok greinir bæði á jörðu ok í lofti. Þar er einn staðr, er Hliðskjálf heitir, ok þá er Óðinn settist þar í hásæti, þá sá hann of alla heima ok hvers manns athæfi ok vissi alla hluti, þá er hann sá. Kona hans hét Frigg Fjörgvinsdóttir, ok af þeira ætt er sú kynslóð komin, er vér köllum ása ættir, er byggt hafa Ásgarð inn forna ok þau ríki, er þar liggja til, ok er þat allt goðkunnug ætt. Ok fyrir því má hann heita Alföðr, at hann er faðir allra goðanna ok manna ok alls þess, er af honum ok hans krafti var fullgert. Jörðin var dóttir hans ok kona hans. Af henni gerði hann inn fyrsta soninn, en þat er Ása-Þórr. Honum fylgði afl ok sterkleikr. Þar af sigrar hann öll kvikvendi.
Nörfi eða Narfi hét jötunn, er byggði í Jötunheimum. Hann átti dóttur, er Nótt hét. Hon var svört ok dökk, sem hon átti ætt til. Hon var gift þeim manni, er Naglfari hét. Þeira sonr hét Auðr. Því næst var hon gift þeim, er Ánarr hét. Jörð hét þeira dóttir. Síðast átti hana Dellingr, ok var hann ása ættar. Var þeira sonr Dagr. Var hann ljóss ok fagr eftir faðerni sínu. Þá tók Alföðr Nótt ok Dag, son hennar, ok gaf þeim tvá hesta ok tvær kerrur ok sendi þau upp á himin, at þau skulu ríða á hverjum tveim dægrum umhverfis jörðina. Ríðr Nótt fyrri þeim hesti, er kallaðr er Hrímfaxi, ok at morgni hverjum döggvir hann jörðina af méldropum sínum. Sá hestr, er Dagr á, heitir Skinfaxi, ok lýsir allt loft ok jörðina af faxi hans."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hversu stýrir hann gang sólar eða tungls?" Hárr segir: "Sá maðr er nefndr Mundilfari, er átti tvau börn. Þau váru svá fögr ok fríð, at hann kallaði son sinn Mána, en dóttur sína Sól ok gifti hana þeim manni, er Glenr hét. En goðin reiddust þessu ofdrambi ok tóku þau systkin ok settu upp á himin, létu Sól keyra þá hesta, er drógu kerru sólarinnar, þeirar er goðin höfðu skapat til at lýsa heimana af þeiri síu, er flaug ór Múspellsheimi. Þeir hestar heita svá, Árvakr ok Alsviðr, en undir bógum hestanna settu goðin tvá vindbelgi at kæla þá, en í sumum fræðum er þat kallat ísarnkol. Máni stýrir göngu tungls ok ræðr nýjum ok niðum. Hann tók tvau börn af jörðunni, er svá heita, Bil ok Hjúki, er þau gengu frá brunni þeim er, Byrgir heitir, ok báru á öxlum sér sá, er heitir Sægr, en stöngin Simul. Viðfinnr er nefndr faðir þeira. Þessi börn fylgja Mána, svá sem sjá má af jörðu."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Skjótt ferr sólin ok nær svá sem hon sé hrædd, ok eigi myndi hon þá meir hvata göngunni, at hon hræddist bana sinn." Þá svarar Hárr: "Eigi er þat undarligt, at hon fari ákafliga. Nær gengr sá, er hana sækir, ok engan útveg á hon nema renna undan." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hverr er sá, er henni gerir þann ómaka?" Hárr segir: "Þat eru tveir úlfar, ok heitir sá, er eftir henni ferr, Skoll. Hann hræðist hon, ok hann mun taka hana. En sá heitir Hati Hróðvitnisson, er fyrir henni hleypr, ok vill hann taka tunglit, ok svá mun verða." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hverr er ætt úlfanna?" Hárr segir: "Gýgr ein býr fyrir austan Miðgarð í þeim skógi, er Járnviðr heitir. Í þeim skógi byggja þær tröllkonur, er Járnviðjur heita. In gamla gýgr fæðir at sonum marga jötna ok alla í vargs líkjum, ok þaðan af eru komnir þessir úlfar. Ok svá er sagt, at af ættinni verðr sá einna máttkastr, er kallaðr er Mánagarmr. Hann fyllist með fjörvi allra þeira manna, er deyja, ok hann gleypir tungl, en stökkvir blóði himin ok loft öll. Þaðan týnir sól skini sínu, ok vindar eru þá ókyrrir ok gnýja heðan ok handan. Svá segir í Völuspá: Austr býr in aldna / í Járnviði / ok fæðir þar / Fenris kindir; / verðr af þeim öllum / einna nökkurr / tungls tjúgari / í trolls hami. Fyllisk fjörvi / feigra manna, / rýðr ragna sjöt / rauðum dreyra; / svört verða sólskin / um sumur eftir, / veðr öll válynd. / Vituð ér enn - eða hvat?"
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hver er leið til himins af jörðu?" Þá svarar Hárr ok hló við: "Eigi er nú fróðliga spurt. Er þér eigi sagt þat, er goðin gerðu brú af jörðu til himins, er heitir Bifröst? Hana muntu sét hafa. Kann vera, at þat kallir þú regnboga. Hon er með þrimr litum ok mjök sterk ok ger með list ok kunnáttu meiri en aðrar smíðir. En svá sterk sem hon er, þá mun hon brotna, þá er Múspellsmegir fara ok ríða hana, ok svima hestar þeira yfir stórar ár. Svá koma þeir fram." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Eigi þótti mér goðin gera af trúnaði brúna, ef hon skal brotna mega, er þau megu þó gera sem þau vilja." Þá mælti Hárr: "Eigi eru goðin hallmælis verð af þessi smíð. Góð brú er Bifröst, en enginn hlutr er sá í þessum heimi er sér megi treystast, þá er Múspellssynir herja."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvat hafðist Alföðr þá at, er gerr var Ásgarðr?" Hárr mælti: "Í upphafi setti hann stjórnarmenn í sæti ok beiddi þá at dæma með sér örlög manna ok ráða um skipun borgarinnar. Þat var þar, sem heitir Iðavöllur í miðri borginni. Var þat hið fyrsta þeira verk at gera hof þat, er sæti þeira tólf standa í önnur en hásætit, þat er Alföðr á. Þat hús er bezt gert á jörðu ok mest. Allt er þat útan ok innan svá sem gull eitt. Í þeim stað kalla menn Glaðsheim. Annan sal gerðu þeir. Þat var hörgr, er gyðjurnar áttu, ok var hann allfagr. Þat hús kalla menn Vingólf. Þar næst gerðu þeir hús, er þeir lögðu afla í, ok þar til gerðu þeir hamar ok töng ok steðja ok þaðan af öll tól önnur. Ok því næst smíðuðu þeir málm ok stein ok tré ok svá gnógliga þann málm, er gull heitir, at öll búsgögn ok öll reiðigögn höfðu þeir af gulli, ok er sú öld kölluð gullaldr, áðr en spilltist af tilkvámu kvinnanna. Þær kómu ór Jötunheimum. Þar næst settust goðin upp í sæti sín ok réttu dóma sína ok minntust, hvaðan dvergar höfðu kviknat í moldinni ok niðri í jörðunni, svá sem maðkar í holdi. Dvergarnir höfðu skipazt fyrst ok tekit kviknun í holdi Ymis ok váru þá maðkar, en af atkvæðum goðanna urðu þeir vitandi mannvits ok höfðu manns líki ok búa þó í jörðu ok í steinum. Móðsognir var æðstr ok annarr Durinn. Svá segir í Völuspá: Þá gengu regin öll / á rökstóla, / ginnheilög goð, / ok um þat gættusk, / hverr skyldi dverga / drótt of skepja / ór brimi blóðgu / ok ór Bláins leggjum. Þar mannlíkun / mörg of gerðusk, / dvergar í jörðu, / sem Durinn sagði. Ok þessi segir hon nöfn þeira dverganna: Nýi, Niði, / Norðri, Suðri, / Austri, Vestri, / Alþjófr, Dvalinn, / Nár, Náinn, / Nípingr, Dáinn, / Bífurr, Báfurr, / Bömburr, Nóri, / Óri, Ónarr, / Óinn, Mjöðvitnir. Viggr ok Gandalfr, / Vindalfr, Þorinn, / Fíli, Kíli, / Fundinn, Váli, / Þrór, Þróinn, / Þekkr, Litr ok Vitr, / Nýr, Nýráðr, / Rekkr, Ráðsviðr. En þessir eru ok dvergar ok búa í steinum, en inir fyrri í moldu: Draupnir, Dolgþvari, / Hárr, Hugstari, / Hleðjolfr, Glóinn, / Dóri, Óri, / Dúfr, Andvari, / Heftifili, / Hárr, Svíarr. En þessir kómu frá Svarinshaugi til Aurvanga á Jöruvöllu, ok er kominn þaðan Lofarr. Þessi eru nöfn þeira: Skirfir, Virfir, / Skáfiðr, Ái, / Alfr, Yngvi, / Eikinskjaldi, / Falr, Frosti, / Fiðr, Ginnarr."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvar er höfuðstaðrinn eða helgistaðrinn goðanna?" Hárr svarar: "Þat er at aski Yggdrasils. Þar skulu goðin eiga dóma sína hvern dag." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvat er at segja frá þeim stað?" Þá segir Jafnhárr: "Askrinn er allra trjá mestr ok beztr. Limar hans dreifast um heim allan ok standa yfir himni. Þrjár rætr trésins halda því upp ok standa afarbreitt. Ein er með ásum, en önnur með hrímþursum, þar sem forðum var Ginnungagap. In þriðja stendr yfir Niflheimi, ok undir þeiri rót er Hvergelmir, en Níðhöggr gnagar neðan rótina. En undir þeiri rót, er til hrímþursa horfir, þar er Mímisbrunnr, er spekð ok mannvit er í fólgit, ok heitir sá Mímir, er á brunninn. Hann er fullr af vísendum, fyrir því at hann drekkr ór brunninum af horninu Gjallarhorni. Þar kom Alföðr ok beiddist eins drykkjar af brunninum, en hann fekk eigi, fyrr en hann lagði auga sitt at veði. Svá segir í Völuspá: Allt veit ek, Óðinn, / hvar þú auga falt, / í þeim inum mæra / Mímisbrunni. / Drekkr mjöð Mímir / morgin hverjan / af veði Valföðrs. / Vituð ér enn - eða hvat? Þriðja rót asksins stendr á himni, ok undir þeiri rót er brunnr sá, er mjök er heilagr, er heitir Urðarbrunnr. Þar eiga goðin dómstað sinn. Hvern dag ríða æsir þangat upp um Bifröst. Hon heitir ok ásbrú. Hestar ásanna heita svá: Sleipnir er baztr, hann á Óðinn. Hann hefir átta fætr. Annar er Glaðr, þriði Gyllir, fjórði Glenr, fimmti Skeiðbrimir, sétti Silfrintoppr, sjaundi Sinir, átti Gísl, níundi Falhófnir, tíundi Gulltoppr, ellifti Léttfeti. Baldrs hestr var brenndr með honum, en Þórr gengr til dómsins ok veðr ár þær, er svá heita: Körmt ok Örmt / ok Kerlaugar tvær, / þær skal Þórr vaða / dag hvern, / er hann dæma ferr / at aski Yggdrasils, / því at ásbrú / brenn öll loga, / heilög vötn hlóa." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Brenn eldr yfir Bifröst?" Hárr segir: "Þat, er þú sér rautt í boganum, er eldr brennandi. Upp á himin mundu ganga hrímþursar ok bergrisar, ef öllum væri fært á Bifröst, þeim er fara vilja. Margir staðir eru á himni fagrir, ok er þar allt guðlig vörn fyrir. Þar stendr salr einn fagr undir askinum við brunninn, ok ór þeim sal koma þrjár meyjar, þær er svá heita: Urðr, Verðandi, Skuld. Þessar meyjar skapa mönnum aldr. Þær köllum vér nornir. Enn eru fleiri nornir, þær er koma til hvers barns, er borit er, at skapa aldr, ok eru þessar goðkunnigar, en aðrar álfa ættar, en inar þriðju dverga ættar, svá sem hér segir: Sundrbornar mjök / segi ek nornir vera, / eigu-t þær ætt saman; / sumar eru áskunngar, / sumar eru alfkunngar, / sumar dætr Dvalins." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Ef nornir ráða örlögum manna, þá skipta þær geysi ójafnt, er sumir hafa gott líf ok ríkuligt, en sumir hafa lítit lén eða lof, sumir langt líf, sumir skammt." Hárr segir: "Góðar nornir ok vel ættaðar skapa góðan aldr, en þeir menn, er fyrir ósköpum verða, þá valda því illar nornir."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvat er fleira at segja stórmerkja frá askinum?" Hárr segir: "Margt er þar af at segja. Örn einn sitr í limum asksins, ok er hann margs vitandi, en í milli augna honum sitr haukr, sá er heitir Veðrfölnir. Íkorni sá, er heitir Ratatoskr, renn upp ok niðr eftir askinum ok berr öfundarorð milli arnarins ok Níðhöggs, en fjórir hirtir renna í limum asksins ok bíta barr. Þeir heita svá: Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr, Duraþrór. En svá margir ormar eru í Hvergelmi með Níðhögg, at engi tunga má telja. Svá segir hér: Askr Yggdrasils / drýgir erfiði / meira en menn viti; / hjörtr bítr ofan, / en á hliðu fúnar, / skerðir Níðhöggr neðan. Svá er enn sagt: Ormar fleiri liggja / und aski Yggdrasils / en þat of hyggi hverr ósviðra apa. / Góinn ok Móinn, / þeir eru Grafvitnis synir, / Grábakr ok Grafvölluðr, / Ófnir ok Sváfnir, / hygg ek, at æ myni / meiðs kvistum má. Enn er þat sagt, at nornir þær, er byggja við Urðarbrunn, taka hvern dag vatn í brunninum ok með aurinn þann, er liggr um brunninn, ok ausa upp yfir askinn, til þess at eigi skuli limar hans tréna eða fúna. En þat vatn er svá heilagt, at allir hlutir, þeir er þar koma í brunninn, verða svá hvítir sem hinna sú, er skjall heitir, er innan liggr við eggskurn, svá sem hér segir: Ask veit ek ausinn, / heitir Yggdrasill, / hárr baðmr, heilagr, / hvíta auri; / þaðan koma döggvar, / er í dali falla; / stendr hann æ yfir grænn / Urðarbrunni. Sú dögg, er þaðan af fellr á jörðina, þat kalla menn hunangfall, ok þar af fæðast býflugur. Fuglar tveir fæðast í Urðarbrunni. Þeir heita svanir, ok af þeim fuglum hefir komit þat fuglakyn, er svá heitir."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Mikil tíðendi kannt þú at segja af himninum. Hvat er þar fleira höfuðstaða en at Urðarbrunni?" Hárr segir: "Margir staðir eru þar göfugligir. Sá er einn staðr þar, er kallaðr er Álfheimr. Þar byggvir fólk þat, er Ljósálfar heita, en Dökkálfar búa niðri í jörðu, ok eru þeir ólíkir þeim sýnum ok miklu ólíkari reyndum. Ljósálfar eru fegri en sól sýnum, en Dökkálfar eru svartari en bik. Þar er einn sá staðr, er Breiðablik er kallaðr, ok engi er þar fegri staðr. Þar er ok sá, er Glitnir heitir, ok eru veggir hans ok steðr allar ok stólpar af rauðu gulli, en þak hans af silfri. Þar er enn sá staðr, er Himinbjörg heita. Sá stendr á himins enda við brúarsporð, þar er Bifröst kemr til himins. Þar er enn mikill staðr, er Valaskjálf heitir. Þann stað á Óðinn. Þann gerðu goðin ok þökðu skíru silfri, ok þar er Hliðskjálfin í þessum sal, þat hásæti, er svá heitir, ok þá er Alföðr sitr í því sæti, þá sér hann of alla heima. Á sunnanverðum himins enda er sá salr, er allra er fegrstr ok bjartari en sólin, er Gimlé heitir. Hann skal standa, þá er bæði himinn ok jörð hefir farizt, ok byggja þann stað góðir menn ok réttlátir of allar aldir. Svá segir í Völuspá: Sal veit ek standa / sólu fegra, / gulli þakðan, / á Gimlé; / þar skulu dyggvar / dróttir byggva / ok um aldrdaga / ynðis njóta." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvat gætir þess staðar, þá er Surtalogi brennir himin ok jörð?" Hárr segir: "Svá er sagt, at annarr himinn sé suðr ok upp frá þessum himni, ok heitir sá Andlangr, en inn þriði himinn sé enn upp frá þeim, ok heitir sá Víðbláinn, ok á þeim himni hyggjum vér þenna stað vera. En Ljósálfar einir, hyggjum vér, at nú byggvi þá staði."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvaðan kemr vindr? Hann er sterkr, svá at hann hrærir stór höf, ok hann æsir eld. En svá sterkr sem hann er, þá má eigi sjá hann, því er hann undarliga skapaðr." Þá mælti Hárr: "Þat kann ek vel segja þér. Á norðanverðum himins enda sitr jötunn sá, er Hræsvelgr heitir. Hann hefir arnarham, en er hann beinir flug, þá standa vindar undan vængjum hans. Hér segir svá: Hræsvelgr heitir, / er sitr á himins enda, / jötunn í arnar ham; / af hans vængjum / kveða vind koma / alla menn yfir."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hví skilr svá mikit, at sumar skal vera heitt, en vetr kaldr?" Hárr segir: "Eigi mundi svá fróðr maðr spyrja, því at þetta vitu allir at segja. En ef þú einn ert orðinn svá fávíss, at eigi hefir þetta heyrt, þá vil ek þó þat vel virða, at heldr spyrir þú eitt sinn ófróðliga en þú gangir lengr duliðr þess, er skylt er at vita. Svásuðr heitir sá, er faðir Sumars er, ok er hann svá sællífr, svá at af hans heiti er þat kallat svásligt, er blítt er. En faðir Vetrar er ýmist kallaðr Vindlóni eða Vindsvalr. Hann er Vásaðar son, ok váru þeir áttungar grimmir ok svalbrjóstaðir, ok hefir Vetr þeira skaplyndi."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hverjir eru æsir, þeir er mönnum er skylt at trúa á?" Hárr segir: "Tólf eru æsir goðkunnigir." Þá mælti Jafnhárr: "Eigi eru ásynjurnar óhelgari, ok eigi megu þær minna." Þá mælti Þriði: "Óðinn er æðstr ok elztr ásanna. Hann ræðr öllum hlutum, ok svá sem önnur goðin eru máttug, þá þjóna honum öll svá sem börn föður, en Frigg er kona hans, ok veit hon örlög manna, þótt hon segi eigi spár, svá sem hér er sagt, at Óðinn mælti sjálfr við þann ás, er Loki heitir: Ærr ertu, Loki, / ok örviti, / hví né lezk-a þú, Loki? / Örlög Frigg, / hygg ek, at öll viti, / þótt hon sjalfgi segi. Óðinn heitir Alföðr, því at hann er faðir allra goða. Hann heitir ok Valföðr, því at hans óskasynir eru allir þeir, er í val falla. Þeim skipar hann Valhöll ok Vingólf, ok heita þeir þá Einherjar. Hann heitir ok Hangaguð ok Haftaguð, Farmaguð, ok enn hefir hann nefnzt á fleiri vega, þá er hann var kominn til Geirröðar konungs: Hétumk Grímr / ok Gangleri, / Herjann, Hjalmberi, / Þekkr, Þriði, / Þuðr, Uðr, / Helblindi, Hárr, Saðr, Svipall, / Sanngetall, / Herteitr, Hnikarr, / Bileygr, Báleygr, / Bölverkr, Fjölnir, / Grímnir, Glapsviðr, Fjölsviðr, / Síðhöttr, Síðskeggr, / Sigföðr, Hnikuðr, / Alföðr, Atríðr, Farmatýr, / Óski, Ómi, / Jafnhárr, Biflindi, / Göndlir, Hárbarðr, / Sviðurr, Sviðrir, / Jalkr, Kjalarr, Viðurr, / Þrór, Yggr, Þundr, / Vakr, Skilfingr, / Váfuðr, Hroftatýr, / Gautr, Veratýr." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Geysimörg heiti hafit þér gefit honum, ok þat veit trúa mín, at þat mun vera mikill fróðleikr, sá er hér kann skyn ok dæmi, hverir atburðir hafa orðit sér til hvers þessa nafns." Þá segir Hárr: "Mikil skynsemi er at rifja þat vandliga upp, en þó er þér þat skjótast at segja, at flest heiti hafa verit gefin af þeim atburð, at svá margar sem eru greinir tungnanna í veröldinni, þá þykkjast allar þjóðir þurfa at breyta nafni hans til sinnar tungu til ákalls ok bæna fyrir sjálfum sér, en sumir atburðir til þessa heita hafa gerzt í ferðum hans, ok er þat fært í frásagnir, ok muntu eigi mega fróðr maðr heita, ef þú skalt eigi kunna segja frá þeim stórtíðendum."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hver eru nöfn annarra ásanna, eða hvat hafast þeir at, eða hvat hafa þeir gert til frama?" Hárr segir: "Þórr er þeira framast, sá er kallaðr er Ása-Þórr eða Öku-Þórr. Hann er sterkastr allra goðanna ok manna. Hann á þar ríki, er Þrúðvangar heita, en höll hans heitir Bilskirrnir. Í þeim sal eru fimm hundruð gólfa ok fjórir tigir. Þat er hús mest, svá at menn viti. Svá segir í Grímnismálum: Fimm hundruð golfa / ok umb fjórum tögum, / svá hygg ek Bilskirrni með bugum; / ranna þeira, / er ek reft vita, / míns veit ek mest magar. Þórr á hafra tvá, er svá heita: Tanngnjóstr ok Tanngrisnir, ok reið þá, er hann ekr, en hafrarnir draga reiðna. Því er hann kallaðr Öku-Þórr. Hann á ok þrjá kostgripi. Einn þeira er hamarrinn Mjöllnir, er hrímþursar ok bergrisar kenna, þá er hann kemr á loft, ok er þat eigi undarligt. Hann hefir lamit margan haus á feðrum eða frændum þeira. Annan grip á hann beztan, megingjarðar, ok er hann spennir þeim um sik, þá vex honum ásmegin hálfu. Inn þriðja hlut á hann, þann er mikill gripr er í. Þat eru járnglófar. Þeira má hann eigi missa við hamarskaftit. En engi er svá fróðr, at telja kunni öll stórvirki hans, en segja kann ek þér svá mörg tíðendi frá honum, at dveljast munu stundirnar, áðr en sagt er allt, þat er ek veit."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Spyrja vil ek tíðenda af fleirum ásunum." Hárr segir: "Annarr sonr Óðins er Baldr, ok er frá honum gott at segja. Hann er beztr, ok hann lofa allir. Hann er svá fagr álitum ok bjartr, svá at lýsir af honum, ok eitt gras er svá hvítt, at jafnat er til Baldrs brár. Þat er allra grasa hvítast, ok þar eftir máttu marka fegurð hans bæði á hár ok á líki. Hann er vitrastr ásanna ok fegrst talaðr ok líknsamastr, en sú náttúra fylgir honum, at engi má haldast dómr hans. Hann býr þar, sem heitir Breiðablik. Þat er á himni. Í þeim stað má ekki vera óhreint, svá sem hér segir: Breiðablik heita, / þar er Baldr hefir / sér of görva sali, / á því landi, / er ek liggja veit / fæsta feiknstafi.
Inn þriði áss er sá, er kallaðr er Njörðr. Hann býr á himni, þar sem heitir Nóatún. Hann ræðr fyrir göngu vinds ok stillir sjá ok eld. Á hann skal heita til sæfara ok til veiða. Hann er svá auðigr ok fésæll, at hann má gefa þeim auð landa eða lausafjár. Á hann skal til þess heita. Eigi er Njörðr ása ættar. Hann var upp fæddr í Vanaheimi, en Vanir gísluðu hann goðunum ok tóku í mót at gíslingu þann, er Hænir heitir. Hann varð at sætt með goðum ok Vönum. Njörðr á þá konu, er Skaði heitir, dóttir Þjaza jötuns. Skaði vill hafa bústað þann, er átt hafði faðir hennar, þat er á fjöllum nökkurum, þar sem heitir Þrymheimr, en Njörðr vill vera nær sæ. Þau sættust á þat, at þau skyldu vera níu nætr í Þrymheimi, en þá aðrar níu at Nóatúnum. En er Njörðr kom aftr til Nóatúna af fjallinu, þá kvað hann þetta: Leið erumk fjöll, / vark-a ek lengi á, / nætr einar níu; / ulfa þytr / mér þótti illr vera / hjá söngvi svana. Þá kvað Skaði þetta: Sofa ek né máttak / sævar beðjum á / fugls jarmi fyrir; / sá mik vekr, / er af víði kemr, / morgin hverjan már. Þá fór Skaði upp á fjall ok byggði í Þrymheimi, ok ferr hon mjök á skíðum ok með boga ok skýtr dýr. Hon heitir öndurgoð eða öndurdís. Svá er sagt: Þrymheimr heitir, / er Þjazi bjó, / sá inn ámáttki jötunn; / en nú Skaði byggvir, / skír brúðr goða, / fornar toftir föður.
Njörðr í Nóatúnum gat síðan tvau börn. Hét annat Freyr, en dóttir Freyja. Þau váru fögr álitum ok máttug. Freyr er inn ágætasti af ásum. Hann ræðr fyrir regni ok skini sólar ok þar með ávexti jarðar, ok á hann er gott at heita til árs ok friðar. Hann ræðr ok fésælu manna. En Freyja er ágætust af ásynjum. Hon á þann bæ á himni, er Fólkvangr heitir. Ok hvar sem hon ríðr til vígs, þá á hon hálfan val, en hálfan Óðinn, svá sem hér segir: Folkvangr heitir, / en þar Freyja ræðr / sessa kostum í sal; / halfan val / hon kýss hverjan dag, / en halfan Óðinn á. Salr hennar Sessrúmnir, hann er mikill ok fagr. En er hon ferr, þá ekr hon köttum tveim ok sitr í reið. Hon er nákvæmust mönnum til á at heita, ok af hennar nafni er þat tignarnafn, er ríkiskonur eru kallaðar fróvur. Henni líkaði vel mansöngr. Á hana er gott at heita til ásta."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Miklir þykkja mér þessir fyrir sér æsirnir, ok eigi er undarligt, at mikill kraftr fylgi yðr, er þér skuluð kunna skyn goðanna ok vita, hvert biðja skal hverrar bænarinnar. Eða eru fleiri enn goðin?" Hárr segir: "Sá er enn áss, er Týr heitir. Hann er djarfastr ok bezt hugaðr, ok hann ræðr mjök sigri í orrostum. Á hann er gott at heita hreystimönnum. Þat er orðtak, at sá er týhraustr, er um fram er aðra menn ok ekki sést fyrir. Hann var ok vitr, svá at þat er ok mælt, at sá er týspakr, er vitrastr er. Þat er eitt mark um djarfleik hans, þá er æsir lokkuðu Fenrisúlf til þess at leggja fjöturinn á hann, Gleipni, þá trúði hann þeim eigi, at þeir mundu leysa hann, fyrr en þeir lögðu honum at veði hönd Týs í munn hans, en þá er æsir vildu eigi leysa hann, þá beit hann höndina af, þar er nú heitir úlfliðr, ok er hann einhendr ok ekki kallaðr sættir manna.
Bragi heitir einn. Hann er ágætr at speki ok mest at málsnilld ok orðfimi. Hann kann mest af skáldskap, ok af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, ok af hans nafni er sá kallaðr bragr karla eða bragr kvinna, er orðsnilld hefir framar en aðrir, kona eða karlmaðr. Kona hans er Iðunn. Hon varðveitir í eski sínu epli þau, er goðin skulu á bíta, þá er þau eldast, ok verða þá allir ungir, ok svá mun vera allt til ragnarökrs." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Allmikit þykkir mér goðin eiga undir gæzlu eða trúnaði Iðunnar." Þá mælti Hárr ok hló við: "Nær lagði þat ófæru einu sinni. Kunna mun ek þar af at segja, en þú skalt nú fyrst heyra fleiri nöfn ásanna.
Heimdallr heitir einn. Hann er kallaðr hvíti áss. Hann er mikill ok heilagr. Hann báru at syni meyjar níu ok allar systr. Hann heitir ok Hallinskíði ok Gullintanni. Tennr hans váru af gulli. Hestr hans heitir Gulltoppr. Hann býr þar, er heita Himinbjörg við Bifröst. Hann er vörðr goða ok sitr þar við himins enda at gæta brúarinnar fyrir bergrisum. Hann þarf minna svefn en fugl. Hann sér jafnt nótt sem dag hundrað rasta frá sér. Hann heyrir ok þat, er gras vex á jörðu eða ull á sauðum, ok allt þat er hæra lætr. Hann hefir lúðr þann, er Gjallarhorn heitir, ok heyrir blástr hans í alla heima. Heimdallar sverð er kallat höfuð manns. Hér er svá sagt: Himinbjörg heita, / en þar Heimdall / kveða valda véum; / þar vörðr goða / drekkr í væru ranni / glaðr inn góða mjöð. Ok enn segir hann sjálfr í Heimdallargaldri: Níu em ek mæðra mögr, / níu em ek systra sonr.
Höðr heitir einn ásinn. Hann er blindr. Ærit er hann sterkr, en vilja mundu goðin, at þenna ás þyrfti eigi at nefna, því at hans handaverk munu lengi vera höfð at minnum með goðum ok mönnum.
Víðarr heitir einn, inn þögli áss. Hann hefir skó þjokkvan. Hann er sterkr, næst því sem Þórr. Af honum hafa goðin mikit traust í allar þrautir.
Áli eða Váli heitir einn, sonr Óðins ok Rindar. Hann er djarfr í orrostum ok mjök happskeytr.
Ullr heitir einn, sonr Sifjar, stúpsonr Þórs. Hann er bogmaðr svá góðr ok skíðfærr svá, at engi má við hann keppast. Hann er ok fagr álitum ok hefir hermanns atgervi. Á hann er ok gott at heita í einvígi.
Forseti heitir sonr Baldrs ok Nönnu Nepsdóttur. Hann á þann sal á himni, er Glitnir heitir. En allir, er til hans koma með sakarvandræði, þá fara allir sáttir á braut. Sá er dómstaðr beztr með goðum ok mönnum. Svá segir hér: Glitnir heitir salr, / hann er gulli studdr / ok silfri þakðr it sama; / en þar Forseti / byggvir flestan dag / ok svæfir allar sakar.
Sá er enn talðr með ásum, er sumir kalla rógbera ásanna ok frumkveða flærðanna ok vömm allra goða ok manna. Sá er nefndr Loki eða Loftr, sonr Fárbauta jötuns. Móðir hans heitir Laufey eða Nál. Bræðr hans eru þeir Býleistr ok Helblindi. Loki er fríðr ok fagr sýnum, illr í skaplyndi, mjök fjölbreytinn at háttum. Hann hafði þá speki um fram aðra menn, er slægð heitir, ok vélar til allra hluta. Hann kom ásum jafnan í fullt vandræði, ok oft leysti hann þá með vélræðum. Kona hans heitir Sigyn, sonr þeira Nari eða Narfi.
Enn átti Loki fleiri börn. Angrboða hét gýgr í Jötunheimum. Við henni gat Loki þrjú börn. Eitt var Fenrisúlfr, annat Jörmungandr, þat er Miðgarðsormr, þriðja er Hel. En er goðin vissu til, at þessi þrjú systkin fæddust upp í Jötunheimum, ok goðin rökðu til spádóma, at af systkinum þessum myndi þeim mikit mein ok óhapp standa, ok þótti öllum mikils ills af væni, fyrst af móðerni ok enn verra af faðerni, þá sendi Alföðr til goðin at taka börnin ok færa sér. Ok er þau kómu til hans, þá kastaði hann orminum í inn djúpa sæ, er liggr um öll lönd, ok óx sá ormr svá, at hann liggr í miðju hafinu of öll lönd ok bítr í sporð sér. Hel kastaði hann í Niflheim ok gaf henni vald yfir níu heimum, at hon skyldi skipta öllum vistum með þeim, er til hennar váru sendir, en þat eru sóttdauðir menn ok ellidauðir. Hon á þar mikla bólstaði, ok eru garðar hennar forkunnarhávir ok grindr stórar. Éljúðnir heitir salr hennar, Hungr diskr hennar, Sultr knífr hennar, Ganglati þrællinn, Ganglöt ambátt, Fallandaforað þresköldr hennar, er inn gengr, Kör sæing, Blíkjandaböl ársali hennar. Hon er blá hálf, en hálf með hörundarlit. Því er hon auðkennd ok heldr gnúpleit ok grimmlig. Úlfinn fæddu æsir heima, ok hafði Týr einn djarfleik at ganga til at ok gefa honum mat. En er goðin sá, hversu mikit hann óx hvern dag, ok allar spár sögðu, at hann myndi vera lagðr til skaða þeim, þá fengu æsirnir þat ráð, at þeir gerðu fjötur allsterkan, er þeir kölluðu Læðing, ok báru hann til úlfsins ok báðu hann reyna afl sitt við fjöturinn, en úlfinum þótti sér þat ekki ofrefli ok lét þá fara með sem þeir vildu. En it fyrsta sinn, er úlfrinn spyrnði við, brotnaði sá fjöturr. Svá leystist hann ór Læðingi. Því næst gerðu æsirnar annan fjötr hálfu sterkara, er þeir kölluðu Dróma, ok báðu enn úlfinn reyna þann fjötur ok tölðu hann verða mundu ágætan mjök at afli, ef slík stórsmíði mætti eigi halda honum. En úlfrinn hugsaði, at þessi fjöturr var sterkr mjök, ok þat með, at honum hafði afl vaxit, síðan er hann braut Læðing - kom þat í hug, at hann myndi verða at leggja sik í hættu, ef hann skyldi frægr verða, ok lét leggja á sik fjöturinn. Ok er æsir tölðust búnir, þá hristi úlfrinn sik ok laust fjötrinum á jörðina ok knúðist fast at, spyrnði við, braut fjöturinn, svá at fjarri flugu brotin. Svá drap hann sik ór Dróma. Þat er síðan haft fyrir orðtak, at leysi ór Læðingi eða drepi ór Dróma, þá er einhver hlutr er ákafliga sóttr. Eftir þat óttuðust æsirnar, at þeir myndi eigi fá bundit úlfinn. Þá sendi Alföðr þann, er Skírnir er nefndr, sendimaðr Freys, ofan í Svartálfaheim til dverga nökkurra ok lét gera fjötur þann, er Gleipnir heitir. Hann var gerr af sex hlutum: af dyn kattarins ok af skeggi konunnar ok af rótum bjargsins ok af sinum bjarnarins ok af anda fisksins ok af fugls hráka. Ok þóttú vitir eigi áðr þessi tíðendi, þá máttu nú finna skjótt hér sönn dæmi, at eigi er logit at þér. Sét munt þú hafa, at konan hefir ekki skegg ok engi dynr verðr af hlaupi kattarins ok eigi eru rætr undir bjarginu. Ok þat veit trúa mín, at jafnsatt er þat allt, er ek hef sagt þér, þótt þeir sé sumir hlutir, er þú mátt eigi reyna." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Þetta má ek at vísu skilja, at satt er. Þessa hluti má ek sjá, er þú hefir nú til dæma tekit. En hvernig varð fjöturrinn smíðaðr?" Hárr segir: "Þat kann ek þér vel segja. Fjöturrinn varð sléttr ok blautr sem silkiræma, en svá traustr ok sterkr sem nú skaltu heyra. Þá er fjöturrinn var færðr ásunum, þökkuðu þeir vel sendimanni sitt erindi. Þá fóru æsirnir út í vatn þat, er Ámsvartnir heitir, í hólm þann, er Lyngvi er kallaðr, ok kölluðu með sér úlfinn, sýndu honum silkibandit ok báðu hann slíta ok kváðu vera nökkuru traustara en líkendi þætti á fyrir digrleiks sakir, ok seldi hverr öðrum ok treysti með handafli, ok slitnaði eigi, en þó kváðu þeir úlfinn slíta mundu. Þá svarar úlfrinn: "Svá lízt mér á þenna dregil sem enga frægð munak af hljóta, þótt ek slíta í sundr svá mjótt band. En ef þat er gert með list ok vél, þótt þat sýnist lítit, þá kemr þat band eigi á mína fætr." Þá sögðu æsirnir, at hann myndi skjótt sundr slíta mjótt silkiband, er hann hafði fyrr brotit stóra járnfjötra, - "en ef þú fær eigi þetta band slitit, þá muntu ekki hræða mega goðin. Skulum vér þá leysa þik." Úlfrinn segir: "Ef þér bindið mik, svá at ek fæk eigi leyst mik, þá skollið þér svá, at mér mun seint verða at taka af yðr hjálp. Ófúss em ek at láta þetta band á mik leggja, en heldr en þér frýið mér hugar, þá leggi einn hverr yðarr hönd sína í munn mér at veði, at þetta sé falslaust gert." En hverr ásanna sá til annars ok þótti nú vera tvau vandræði, ok vildi engi sína hönd fram selja, fyrr en Týr lét fram hönd sína hægri ok leggr í munn úlfinum. En er úlfrinn spyrnir, þá harðnaði bandit, ok því harðara er hann brauzt um, því skarpara var bandit. Þá hlógu allir nema Týr. Hann lét hönd sína. Þá er æsirnir sá, at úlfrinn var bundinn at fullu, þá tóku þeir festina, er ór var fjötrinum, er Gelgja heitir, ok drógu hana gegnum hellu mikla, - sú heitir Gjöll, - ok festu helluna langt í jörð niðr. Þá tóku þeir mikinn stein ok skutu enn lengra í jörðina, - sá heitir Þviti, - ok höfðu þann stein fyrir festarhælinn. Úlfrinn gapði ákafliga ok fekksk um mjök ok vildi bíta þá. Þeir skutu í munn honum sverði nökkuru. Nema hjöltin við neðra gómi, en efra gómi blóðrefillinn. Þat er gómsparri hans. Hann grenjar illiliga, ok slefa renn ór munni hans. Þat er á sú, er Ván heitir. Þar liggr hann til ragnarökrs." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Furðu illa barna eign gat Loki, en öll þessi systkin eru mikil fyrir sér. En fyrir hví drápu æsir eigi úlfinn, er þeim er ills ván af honum?" Hárr svarar: "Svá mikils virðu goðin vé sín ok griðastaði, at eigi vildu þau saurga þá með blóði úlfsins, þótt svá segi spárnar, at hann myni verða at bana Óðni."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hverjar eru ásynjurnar?" Hárr segir: "Frigg er æðst. Hon á þann bæ, er Fensalir heita, ok er hann allvegligr. Önnur er Sága. Hon býr á Sökkvabekk, ok er þat mikill staðr. Þriðja er Eir. Hon er læknir beztr. Fjórða er Gefjun. Hon er mær, ok henni þjóna þær, er meyjar andast. Fimmta er Fulla. Hon er enn mær ok ferr laushár ok gullband um höfuð. Hon berr eski Friggjar ok gætir skóklæða hennar ok veit launráð með henni. Freyja er tignust með Frigg. Hon giftist þeim manni, er Óðr heitir. Dóttir þeira er Hnoss. Hon er svá fögr, at af hennar nafni eru hnossir kallaðar, þat er fagrt er ok gersimligt. Óðr fór í braut langar leiðir, en Freyja grætr eftir, en tár hennar er gull rautt. Freyja á mörg nöfn, en sú er sök til þess, at hon gaf sér ýmis heiti, er hon fór með ókunnum þjóðum at leita Óðs. Hon heitir Mardöll ok Hörn, Gefn, Sýr. Freyja átti Brísingamen. Hon er ok kölluð Vanadís. Sjaunda Sjöfn, hon gætir mjök til at snúa hugum manna til ásta, kvinna ok karla, ok af hennar nafni er elskhuginn kallaðr sjafni. Átta Lofn, hon er svá mild ok góð til áheita, at hon fær leyfi af Alföðr eða Frigg til manna samgangs, kvinna ok karla, þótt áðr sé bannat eða þvertekit þykki. Þat er af hennar nafni lof kallat ok svá þat, at hon er lofuð mjök af mönnum. Níunda Vár, hon hlýðir á eiða manna ok einkamál, er veita sín á milli konur ok karlar. Því heita þau mál várar. Hon hefnir ok þeim, er brigða. Tíunda Vör, hon er vitr ok spurul, svá at engi hlut má hana leyna. Þat er orðtak, at kona verði vör þess, er hon verðr vís. Ellifta Syn, hon gætir dura í höllinni ok lýkr fyrir þeim, er eigi skulu inn ganga, ok hon er sett til varnar á þingum fyrir þau mál, er hon vill ósanna. Því er þat orðtak, at syn sé fyrir sett, þá er maðr neitar. Tólfta Hlín, hon er sett til gæzlu yfir þeim mönnum, er Frigg vill forða við háska nökkurum. Þaðan af er þat orðtak, at sá, er forðast, hleinir. Þrettánda Snotra, hon er vitr ok látprúð. Af hennar heiti er kallat snotr kona eða karlmaðr, sá er hóflátr er. Fjórtánda Gná, hana sendir Frigg í ýmsa heima at erendum sínum. Hon á þann hest, er renn loft ok lög ok heitir Hófvarpnir. Þat var eitt sinn, er hon reið, at vanir nökkurir sá reið hennar í loftinu. Þá mælti einn: "Hvat þar flýgr, / hvat þar ferr / eða at lofti líðr?" Hon svarar: "Né ek flýg, / þó ek ferk / ok at lofti líðk / á Hófvarpni, / þeim er Hamskerpir / gat við Garðrofu." Af Gnár nafni er svá kallat, at þat gnæfar, er hátt ferr. Sól ok Bil eru talðar með ásynjum, en sagt er fyrr frá eðli þeira.
Enn eru þær aðrar, er þjóna skulu í Valhöll, bera drykkju ok gæta borðbúnaðar ok ölgagna. Svá eru þær nefndar í Grímnismálum: Hrist ok Mist, / vil ek, at mér horn beri, / Skeggjöld ok Skögul, / Hildr ok Þrúðr, / Hlökk ok Herfjötur, / Göll ok Geirahöð, / Randgríðr ok Ráðgríðr, / ok Reginleif, / þær bera Einherjum öl. Þessar heita valkyrjur. Þær sendir Óðinn til hverrar orrustu. Þær kjósa feigð á menn ok ráða sigri. Guðr ok Róta ok norn in yngsta, er Skuld heitir, ríða jafnan at kjósa val ok ráða vígum. Jörð, móðir Þórs, ok Rindr, móðir Vála, eru talðar með ásynjum.
Gymir hét maðr, en kona hans Aurboða. Hon var bergrisa ættar. Dóttir þeira er Gerðr, er allra kvinna var fegrst. Þat var einn dag, at Freyr hafði gengit í Hliðskjálf ok sá of heima alla. En er hann leit í norðrætt, þá sá hann á einum bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, ok til þess húss gekk kona, ok er hon tók upp höndum ok lauk hurð fyrir sér, þá lýsti af höndum hennar bæði í loft ok á lög, ok allir heimar birtust af henni. Ok svá hefnði honum þat mikla mikillæti, er hann hafði setzt í þat it helga sæti, at hann gekk í braut fullr af harmi. Ok er hann kom heim, mælti hann ekki. Ekki svaf hann, ekki drakk hann. Engi þorði ok at krefja hann orða. Þá lét Njörðr kalla til sín Skírni, skósvein Freys, ok bað hann ganga til Freys ok beiða hann orða ok spyrja, hverjum hann væri svá reiðr, at hann mælti ekki við menn. En Skírnir lézt ganga mundu ok eigi fúss ok kvað illra svara vera ván af honum. En er hann kom til Freys, þá spurði hann, hví Freyr var svá hnipinn ok mælti ekki við menn. Þá svarar Freyr ok sagði, at hann hefði sét konu fagra ok fyrir hennar sakir var hann svá harmfullr, at eigi myndi hann lengi lifa, ef hann skyldi eigi ná henni - "ok nú skaltu fara ok biðja hennar mér til handa ok hafa hana heim hingat, hvárt er faðir hennar vill eða eigi, ok skal ek þat vel launa þér." Þá svarar Skírnir, sagði svá, at hann skal fara sendiferð, en Freyr skal fá honum sverð sitt. Þat var svá gott sverð, at sjálft vást. En Freyr lét eigi þat til skorta ok gaf honum sverðit. Þá fór Skírnir ok bað honum konunnar ok fekk heit hennar, ok níu nóttum síðar skyldi hon þar koma, er Barrey heitir, ok ganga þá at brullaupinu með Frey. En er Skírnir sagði Frey sitt erindi, þá kvað hann þetta: Löng er nótt, / löng er önnur, / hvé mega ek þreyja þrjár? / Oft mér mánaðr / minni þótti / en sjá half hýnótt. Þessi sök er til þess, er Freyr var svá vápnlauss, er hann barðist við Belja ok drap hann með hjartarhorni." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Undr mikit, er þvílíkr höfðingi sem Freyr er vildi gefa sverð, svá at hann átti eigi annat jafngott. Geysimikit mein var honum þat, þá er hann barðist við þann, er Beli heitir. Þat veit trúa mín, at þeirar gjafar myndi hann þá iðrast." Þá svarar Hárr: "Lítit mark var þá at, er þeir Beli hittust. Drepa mátti Freyr hann með hendi sinni. Verða mun þat, er Frey mun þykkja verr við koma, er hann missir sverðsins, þá er Múspellssynir fara at herja."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Þat segir þú, at allir þeir menn, er í orrustu hafa fallit frá upphafi heims eru nú komnir til Óðins í Valhöll. Hvat hefir hann at fá þeim at vistum? Ek hugða, at þar skyldi vera allmikit fjölmenni." Þá svarar Hárr: "Satt er þat, er þú segir, allmikit fjölmenni er þar. En miklu fleira skal enn verða, ok mun þó oflítit þykkja, þá er úlfrinn kemr. En aldri er svá mikill mannfjölði í Valhöll, at eigi má þeim endast flesk galtar þess, er Sæhrímnir heitir. Hann er soðinn hvern dag, ok heill at aftni. En þessi spurning, er nú spyrr þú, þykkir mér líkara, at fáir myni svá vísir vera, at hér kunni satt af at segja. Andhrímnir heitir steikarinn, en Eldhrímnir ketillinn. Svá er hér sagt: Andhrímnir / lætr í Eldhrímni / Sæhrímni soðinn, / fleska bazt, / en þat fáir vitu, / við hvat einherjar alask." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvárt hefir Óðinn þat sama borðhald sem einherjar?" Hárr segir: "Þá vist, er á hans borði stendr, gefr hann tveim úlfum, er hann á, er svá heita, Geri ok Freki. En enga vist þarf hann: Vín er honum bæði drykkr ok matr. Svá segir hér: Gera ok Freka / seðr gunntamiðr, / hróðigr Herjaföður; / en við vín eitt / vápngöfigr / Óðinn æ lifir. Hrafnar tveir sitja á öxlum honum ok segja í eyru honum öll tíðendi, þau er þeir sjá eða heyra. Þeir heita svá, Huginn ok Muninn. Þá sendir hann í dagan at fljúga um heim allan, ok koma þeir aftr at dögurðarmáli. Þar af verðr hann margra tíðenda víss. Því kalla menn hann Hrafnaguð, svá sem sagt er: Huginn ok Muninn / fljúga hverjan dag / jörmungrund yfir; / óumk ek Hugin, / at hann aftr né komi, / þó sjáumk ek meir of Munin."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvat hafa einherjar at drykk, þat er þeim endist jafngnógliga sem vistin, eða er þar vatn drukkit?" Þá segir Hárr: "Undarliga spyrr þú nú, at Alföðr mun bjóða til sín konungum eða jörlum eða öðrum ríkismönnum ok myni gefa þeim vatn at drekka. Ok þat veit trúa mín, at margr kemr sá til Valhallar, er dýrt mundi þykkjast kaupa vatnsdrykkinn, ef eigi væri betra fagnaðar þangat at vitja, sá er áðr þolir sár ok sviða til banans. Annat kann ek þér þaðan segja. Geit sú, er Heiðrún heitir, stendr uppi á Valhöll ok bítr barr af limum trés þess, er mjök er nafnfrægt, er Læraðr heitir, en ór spenum hennar rennr mjöðr sá, er hon fyllir skapker hvern dag. Þat er svá mikit, at allir Einherjar verða fulldrukknir af." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Þat er þeim geysihaglig geit. Forkunnargóðr viðr mun þat vera, er hon bítr af." Þá mælti Hárr: "Enn er meira mark at of hjörtinn Eikþyrni, er stendr á Valhöll ok bítr af limum þess trés, en af hornum hans verðr svá mikill dropi, at niðr kemr í Hvergelmi, ok þaðan af falla þær ár, er svá heita: Síð, Víð, Sækin, Ekin, Svöl, Gunnþró, Fjörm, Fimbulþul, Gípul, Göpul, Gömul, Geirvimul. Þessar falla um ása byggðir. Þessar eru enn nefndar: Þyn, Vín, Þöll, Höll, Gráð, Gunnþráin, Nyt, Nöt, Nönn, Hrönn, Vína, Vegsvinn, Þjóðnuma."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Þetta eru undarlig tíðendi, er nú sagðir þú. Geysimikit hús mun Valhöll vera. Allþröngt mun þar oft vera fyrir durum." Þá svarar Hárr: "Hví spyrr þú eigi þess, hversu margar dyrr eru á höllinni eða hversu stórar? Ef þú heyrir þat sagt, þá muntu segja, at hitt er undarligt, ef eigi má ganga út ok inn hverr, er vill. En þat er með sönnu at segja, at eigi er þröngra at skipa hana en ganga í hana. Hér máttu heyra í Grímnismálum: Fimm hundrað dura / ok of fjórum tögum, / svá hygg ek á Valhöllu vera; / átta hundruð Einherja / ganga senn ór einum durum / þá er þeir fara með vitni at vega."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Allmikill mannfjölði er í Valhöll. Svá njóta trú minnar, at allmikill höfðingi er Óðinn, er hann stýrir svá miklum her. Eða hvat er skemmtun Einherja, þá er þeir drekka eigi?" Hárr segir: "Hvern dag, þá er þeir hafa klæðzt, þá hervæða þeir sik ok ganga út í garðinn ok berjask, ok fellir hverr annan. Þat er leikr þeira. Ok er líðr at dögurðarmáli, þá ríða þeir heim til Valhallar ok setjast til drykkju, svá sem hér segir: Allir Einherjar / Óðins túnum í / höggvask hverjan dag, / val þeir kjósa / ok ríða vígi frá, / sitja meir of sáttir saman. En satt er þat, er þú sagðir. Mikill er Óðinn fyrir sér. Mörg dæmi finnast til þess. Svá er hér sagt í orðum sjálfra ásanna: Askr Yggdrasils, / hann er æðstr viða, / en Skíðblaðnir skipa, / Óðinn ása, / en jóa Sleipnir, / Bifröst brúa, / en Bragi skalda, / Hábrók hauka, / en hunda Garmr."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hverr á þann hest, Sleipni, eða hvat er frá honum at segja?" Hárr segir: "Eigi kanntu deili á Sleipni, ok eigi veiztu atburði, af hverju hann kom, en þat mun þér þykkja frásagnar vert. Þat var snimma í öndverða byggð goðanna, þá er goðin höfðu sett Miðgarð ok gert Valhöll, þá kom þar smiðr nökkurr ok bauð at gera þeim borg á þrim misserum svá góða, at trú ok örugg væri fyrir bergrisum ok hrímþursum, þótt þeir kæmi inn um Miðgarð, en hann mælti sér þat til kaups, at hann skyldi eignast Freyju, ok hafa vildi hann sól ok mána. Þá gengu æsirnir á tal ok réðu ráðum sínum, ok var þat kaup gert við smiðinn, at hann skyldi eignast þat, er hann mælti til, ef hann fengi gert borgina á einum vetri, en inn fyrsta sumarsdag, ef nökkurr hlutr væri ógerr at borginni, þá skyldi hann af kaupinu. Skyldi hann af engum manni lið þiggja til verksins. Ok er þeir sögðu honum þessa kosti, þá beiddist hann, at þeir skyldu lofa, at hann hefði lið af hesti sínum, er Svaðilfari hét, en því réð Loki, er þat var til lagt við hann. Hann tók til inn fyrsta vetrardag at gera borgina, en of nætr dró hann til grjót á hestinum. En þat þótti ásunum mikit undr, hversu stór björg sá hestr dró, ok hálfu meira þrekvirki gerði hestrinn en smiðrinn. En at kaupi þeira váru sterk vitni ok mörg særi, fyrir því at jötnum þótti ekki tryggt at vera með ásum griðalaust, ef Þórr kæmi heim, en þá var hann farinn í austrveg at berja tröll. En er á leið vetrinn, þá sóttist mjök borgargerðin, ok var hon svá há ok sterk, at eigi mátti á þat leita. En þá er þrír dagar váru til sumars, þá var komit mjök at borghliði. Þá settust goðin á dómstóla sína ok leituðu ráða ok spurði hverr annan, hverr því hefði ráðit at gifta Freyju í Jötunheima eða spilla loftinu ok himninum svá, at taka þaðan sól ok tungl ok gefa jötnum. En þat kom ásamt með öllum, at þessu myndi ráðit hafa sá, er flestu illu ræðr, Loki Laufeyjarson, ok kváðu hann verðan ills dauða, ef eigi hitti hann ráð til, at smiðrinn væri af kaupinu, ok veittu Loka atgöngu. En er hann varð hræddr, þá svarði hann eiða, at hann skyldi svá til haga, at smiðrinn væri af kaupinu, hvat sem hann kostaði til. Ok it sama kveld, er smiðrinn ók út eftir grjótinu með hestinn Svaðilfara, þá hljóp ór skógi nökkurum merr ok at hestinum ok hrein við. En er hestrinn kenndi, hvat hrossi þetta var, þá æddist hann ok sleit sundr reipin ok hljóp til merarinnar, en hon undan til skógar ok smiðrinn eftir ok vill taka hestinn, en þessi hross hlaupa alla nótt, ok dvelst smíðin þá nótt, ok eftir um daginn varð ekki svá smíðat sem fyrr hafði orðit. Ok þá er smiðrinn sér, at eigi mun lokit verða verkinu, þá færist smiðrinn í jötunmóð. En er æsirnir sá þat til víss, at þar var bergrisi kominn, þá varð eigi þyrmt eiðunum, ok kölluðu þeir á Þór, ok jafnskjótt kom hann, ok því næst fór á loft hamarinn Mjöllnir. Galt hann þá smíðarkaupit ok eigi sól eða tungl, heldr synjaði hann honum at byggva í Jötunheimum ok laust þat it fyrsta högg, er haussinn brotnaði í smán mola, ok sendi hann niðr undir Niflheim. En Loki hafði þá ferð haft til Svaðilfara, at nökkuru síðar bar hann fyl. Þat var grátt ok hafði átta fætr, ok er sá hestr beztr með goðum ok mönnum. Svá segir í Völuspá: Þá gengu regin öll / á rökstóla / ginnheilög goð, / ok um þat gættusk, / hverr hefði loft allt / lævi blandit / eða ætt jötuns / Óðs mey gefna. Á gengusk eiðar, / orð ok særi, / mál öll meginlig, / er á meðal fóru; / Þórr einn þar vá / þrunginn móði, / hann sjaldan sitr, / er hann slíkt of fregn."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvat er at segja frá Skíðblaðni, er hann er beztr skipa, hvárt er ekki skip jafnmikit sem hann?" Hárr segir: "Skíðblaðnir er beztr skipanna ok með mestum hagleik gerr, en Naglfar er mest skip. Þat á Múspell. Dvergar nökkurir, synir Ívalda, gerðu Skíðblaðni ok gáfu Frey skipit. Hann er svá mikill, at allir æsir megu skipa hann með vápnum ok herbúnaði, ok hefir hann byr, þegar er segl er dregit, hvert er fara skal, en þá er eigi skal fara með hann á sæ, þá er hann gerr af svá mörgum hlutum ok með svá mikilli list, at hann má vefja saman sem dúk ok hafa í pungi sínum.
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Gott skip er Skíðblaðnir, en allmikil fjölkynngi mun vera við höfð, áðr svá fái gert. Hvárt hefir Þórr hvergi svá farit, at hann hafi hitt fyrir sér svá ríkt eða rammt, at honum hafi ofrefli verit fyrir afls sakar eða fjölkynngi?" Þá mælti Hárr: "Fár maðr, vættir mik, at frá því kunni at segja, en margt hefir honum harðfært þótt. En þótt svá hafi verit, at nökkurr hlutr hafi svá verit rammr eða sterkr, at Þórr hafi eigi sigr fengit á unnit, þá er eigi skylt at segja frá, fyrir því at mörg dæmi eru til þess ok því eru allir skyldir at trúa, at Þórr er máttkastr." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Svá lízt mér sem þess hlutar mynda ek yðr spurt hafa, er engi er til færr at segja." Þá mælti Jafnhárr: "Heyrt höfum vér sagt frá þeim atburðum, er oss þykkja ótrúligir, at sannir myni vera. En hér mun sá sitja nær, er vita mun sönn tíðendi af at segja, ok muntu því trúa, at hann mun eigi ljúga nú it fyrsta sinn, er aldri laug fyrr." Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hér mun ek standa ok hlýða, ef nökkur órlausn fæst þessa máls, en at öðrum kosti kalla ek yðr vera yfir komna, ef þér kunnuð eigi at segja, þat er ek spyr." Þá mælti Þriði: "Auðsýnt er nú, at hann vill þessi tíðendi vita, þótt oss þykki eigi fagrt at segja. Þat er upphaf þessa máls, at Öku-Þórr fór með hafra sína ok reið ok með honum sá áss, er Loki heitir. Koma þeir at kveldi til eins búanda ok fá þar náttstað. En um kveldit tók Þórr hafra sína ok skar báða. Eftir þat váru þeir flegnir ok bornir til ketils. En er soðit var, þá settist Þórr til náttverðar ok þeir lagsmenn. Þórr bauð til matar með sér búandanum ok konu hans ok börnum þeira. Sonr búanda hét Þjálfi, en Röskva dóttir. Þá lagði Þórr hafrstökurnar útar frá eldinum ok mælti, at búandi ok heimamenn hans skyldu kasta á hafrstökurnar beinunum. Þjálfi, sonr búanda, hélt á lærlegg hafrsins ok spretti á knífi sínum ok braut til mergjar. Þórr dvalðist þar of nóttina. En í óttu fyrir dag stóð hann upp ok klæddi sik, tók hamarinn Mjöllni ok brá upp ok vígði hafrstökurnar. Stóðu þá upp hafrarnir, ok var þá annarr haltr eftra fæti. Þat fann Þórr ok talði, at búandinn eða hans hjón myndu eigi skynsamliga hafa farit með beinum hafrsins. Kennir hann, at brotinn var lærleggrinn. Eigi þarf langt frá því at segja. Vita mega þat allir, hversu hræddr búandinn mundi vera, er hann sá, at Þórr lét síga brýnnar ofan fyrir augun, en þat er hann sá augnanna, þá hugðist hann falla mundu fyrir sjónum hans einum saman. Hann herði hendrnar at hamarskaftinu, svá at hvítnuðu knúarnir. En búandinn gerði sem ván var ok öll hjúnin, kölluðu ákafliga, báðu sér friðar, buðu at yfirbótum allt þat, er þau áttu. En er hann sá hræðslu þeira, þá gekk af honum móðrinn, ok sefaðist hann ok tók af þeim í sætt börn þeira, Þjálfa ok Röskvu, ok gerðust þau þá skyldir þjónustumenn hans, ok fylgja þau honum jafnan síðan.
Lét hann þar eftir hafra ok byrjaði ferðina austr í Jötunheima ok allt til hafsins, ok þá fór hann út yfir hafit þat it djúpa. En er hann kom til lands, þá gekk hann upp ok með honum Loki ok Þjálfi ok Röskva. Þá er þau höfðu litla hríð gengit, varð fyrir þeim mörk stór. Gengu þau þann dag allan til myrkurs. Þjálfi var allra manna fóthvatastr. Hann bar kýl Þórs, en til vista var eigi gott. Þá er myrkt var orðit, leituðu þeir sér náttstaðar ok fundu fyrir sér skála nokkurn mjök mikinn. Váru dyrr á enda ok jafnbreiðar skálanum. Þar leituðu þeir sér náttbóls. En of miðja nótt varð landskjálfti mikill. Gekk jörðin undir þeim skykkjum, ok skalf húsit. Þá stóð Þórr upp ok hét á lagsmenn sína, ok leituðust fyrir ok fundu afhús til hægri handar í miðjum skálanum ok gengu þannig. Settist Þórr í dyrrnar, en önnur þau váru innar frá honum, ok váru þau hrædd, en Þórr helt hamarskaftinu ok hugði at verja sik. Þá heyrðu þau ym mikinn ok gný. En er kom at dagan, þá gekk Þórr út ok sér mann, hvar lá skammt frá honum í skóginum, ok var sá eigi lítill. Hann svaf ok hraut sterkliga. Þá þóttist Þórr skilja, hvat látum verit hafði of nóttina. Hann spennir sik megingjörðum, ok óx honum ásmegin. Ok í því bili vaknar sá maðr ok stóð skjótt upp, en þá er sagt, at Þór varð bilt einu sinni at slá hann með hamrinum ok spurði hann at nafni. En sá nefndist Skrýmir, - "en eigi þarf ek", sagði hann, "at spyrja þik at nafni. Kenni ek, at þú ert Ása-þórr. En hvárt hefir þú dregit á braut hanzka minn?" Seildist þá Skrýmir til ok tók upp hanzkann. Sér Þórr þá, at þat hafði hann haft of nóttina fyrir skála, en afhúsit, þat var þumlungrinn hanzkans. Skrýmir spurði, ef Þórr vildi hafa föruneyti hans, en Þórr játti því. Þá tók Skrýmir ok leysti nestbagga sinn ok bjóst til at eta dögurð, en Þórr í öðrum stað ok hans félagar. Skrýmir bauð þá, at þeir legðu mötuneyti sitt, en Þórr játti því. Þá batt Skrýmir nest þeira allt í einn bagga ok lagði á bak sér. Hann gekk fyrir of daginn ok steig heldr stórum, en síð at kveldi leitaði Skrýmir þeim náttstaðar undir eik nökkurri mikilli. Þá mælti Skrýmir til Þórs, at hann vill leggjast niðr at sofa, - "en þér takið nestbaggan ok búið til nótturðar yðr." Því næst sofnar Skrýmir ok hraut fast, en Þórr tók nestbaggann ok skal leysa, en svá er at segja, sem ótrúligt mun þykkja, at engi knút fekk hann leyst ok engi álarendann hreyft, svá at þá væri lausari en áðr. Ok er hann sér, at þetta verk má eigi nýtast, þá varð hann reiðr, greip þá hamarinn Mjöllni tveim höndum ok steig fram öðrum fæti at þar, er Skrýmir lá, ok lýstr í höfuð honum, en Skrýmir vaknar ok spyrr, hvárt laufsblað nakkvat felli í höfuð honum eða hvárt þeir hafi þá matazt ok sé búnir til rekkna. Þórr segir, at þeir munu þá sofa ganga. Ganga þau þá undir aðra eik. Er þat þér satt at segja, at ekki var þá óttalaust at sofa. En at miðri nótt, þá heyrir Þórr, at Skrýmir hrýtr ok sefr fast, svá at dunar í skóginum. Þá stendr hann upp ok gengr til hans, reiðir hamarinn títt ok hart ok lýstr ofan í miðjan hvirfil honum. Hann kennir, at hamarsmuðrinn sökkr djúpt í höfuðit. En í því bili vaknar Skrýmir ok mælti: "Hvat er nú? Fell akarn nökkut í höfuð mér, eða hvat er títt um þik, Þórr?" En Þórr gekk aftr skyndiliga ok svarar, at hann var þá nývaknaðr, sagði, at þá var mið nótt ok enn væri mál at sofa. Þá hugsaði Þórr þat, ef hann kæmi svá í færi at slá hann it þriðja högg, at aldri skyldi hann sjá sik síðan, liggr nú ok gætir, ef Skrýmir sofnaði enn fast. En litlu fyrir dagan þá heyrir hann, at Skrýmir mun sofnat hafa, stendr þá upp ok hleypr at honum, reiðir þá hamarinn af öllu afli ok lýstr á þunnvangann, þann er upp vissi. Sökkr þá hamarrinn upp at skaftinu. En Skrýmir settist upp ok strauk of vangann ok mælti: "Hvárt munu fuglar nökkurir sitja í trénu yfir mér? Mik grunaði, er ek vaknaða, at tros nökkut af kvistunum felli í höfuð mér. Hvárt vakir þú, Þórr? Mál mun vera upp at standa ok klæðast, en ekki eiguð þér nú langa leið fram til borgarinnar, er kölluð er Útgarðr. Heyrt hefi ek, at þér hafit kvisat í milli yðvar, at ek væra ekki lítill maðr vexti, en sjá skuluð þér þar stærri menn, ef þér komit í Útgarð. Nú mun ek ráða yðr heilræði. Látið þér eigi stórliga yfir yðr. Ekki munu hirðmenn Útgarða-Loka vel þola þvílíkum kögursveinum köpuryrði. En at öðrum kosti hverfið aftr, ok þann ætla ek yðr betra af at taka. En ef þér vilið fram fara, þá stefnið þér í austr, en ek á nú norðr leið til fjalla þessa, er þér meguð nú sjá." Tekr Skrýmir nestbaggann ok kastar á bak sér ok snýr þvers á braut í skóginn frá þeim, ok er þess eigi getit, at æsirnir bæði þá heila hittast.
Þórr snýr fram á leið ok þeir félagar ok gengr framan til miðs dags. Þá sá þeir borg standa á völlum nökkurum ok settu hnakkann á bak sér aftr, áðr þeir fengu séð yfir upp, ganga til borgarinnar, ok var grind fyrir borghliðinu ok lokin aftr. Þórr gekk á grindina ok fekk eigi upp lokit, en er þeir þreyttu at komast í borgina, þá smugu þeir milli spalanna ok kómu svá inn, sá þá höll mikla ok gengu þannig. Var hurðin opin. Þá gengu þeir inn ok sá þar marga menn á tvá bekki ok flesta ærit stóra. Því næst koma þeir fyrir konunginn Útgarða-Loka ok kvöddu hann, en hann leit seint til þeira ok glotti við tönn ok mælti: "Seint er um langan veg at spyrja tíðenda, eða er annan veg en ek hygg, er þessi sveinstauli orðinn Öku-Þórr? En meiri muntu vera en mér lízt þú, eða hvat íþrótta er þat, er þér félagar þykkizt vera við búnir? Engi skal hér vera með oss, sá er eigi kunni nökkurs konar list eða kunnandi um fram flesta menn." Þá segir sá, er síðast gekk, er Loki heitir: "Kann ek þá íþrótt, er ek em albúinn at reyna, at engi er hér sá inni, er skjótara skal eta mat sinn en ek." Þá svarar Útgarða-Loki: "Íþrótt er þat, ef þú efnir, ok freista skal þá þessar íþróttar." - kallaði útar á bekkinn, at sá, er Logi heitir, skal ganga á gólf fram ok freista sín í móti Loka. Þá var tekit trog eitt ok borit inn á hallargólfit ok fyllt af slátri. Settist Loki at öðrum enda, en Logi at öðrum, ok át hvárrtveggi sem tíðast ok mættust í miðju troginu. Hafði þá Loki etið slátr allt af beinum, en Logi hafði ok etit slátr allt ok beinin með ok svá trogit, ok sýndist nú öllum sem Loki hefði látit leikinn. Þá spyrr Útgarða-Loki, hvat sá inn ungi maðr kunni leika, en Þjálfi segir, at hann mun freista at renna skeið nökkur við einhvern þann, er Útgarða-Loki fær til. Þá segir Útgarða-Loki, at þetta er góð íþrótt, ok kallar þess meiri ván, at hann sé vel at sér búinn of skjótleikinn, ef hann skal þessa íþrótt inna, en þó lætr hann skjótt þessa skulu freista. Stendr þá upp Útgarða-Loki ok gengr út, ok var þar gott skeið at renna eftir sléttum velli. Þá kallar Útgarða-Loki til sín sveinstaula nökkurn, er nefndr er Hugi, ok bað hann renna í köpp við Þjálfa. Þá taka þeir it fyrsta skeið, ok er Hugi því framar, at hann snýst aftr í móti honum at skeiðsenda. Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki: "Þurfa muntu, Þjálfi, at leggja þik meir fram, ef þú skalt vinna leikinn, en þó er þat satt, at ekki hafa hér komit þeir menn, er mér þykkja fóthvatari en svá." Þá taka þeir aftr annat skeið, ok þá er Hugi er kemr til skeiðsenda ok hann snýst aftr, þá var langt kólfskot til Þjálfa. Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki: "Vel þykkir mér Þjálfi renna skeiðit, en eigi trúi ek honum nú, at hann vinni leikinn, en nú mun reyna, er þeir renna it þriðja skeiðit." Þá taka þeir enn skeið, en er Hugi er kominn til skeiðsenda ok snýst aftr, ok er Þjálfi eigi þá kominn á mitt skeið. Þá segja allir, at reynt er um þenna leik. Þá spyrr Útgarða-Loki Þór, hvat þeira íþrótta mun vera, er hann myni vilja birta fyrir þeim, svá miklar sögur sem menn hafa gert um stórvirki hans. Þá mælti Þórr, at helzt vill hann þat taka til at þreyta drykkju við einhvern mann. Útgarða-Loki segir, at þat má vel vera, ok gengr inn í höllina ok kallar skutilsvein sinn, biðr, at hann taki vítishorn þat, er hirðmenn eru vanir at drekka af. Því næst kemr fram skutilsveinn með horninu ok fær Þór í hönd. Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki: "Af horni þessu þykkir þá vel drukkit, ef í einum drykk gengr af, en sumir menn drekka af í tveim drykkjum, en engi er svá lítill drykkjumaðr, at eigi gangi af í þrimr." Þórr lítr á hornit ok sýnist ekki mikit ok er þó heldr langt, en hann er mjök þyrstr, tekr at drekka ok svelgr allstórum ok hyggr, at eigi skal hann þurfa at lúta oftar í hornit. En er hann þraut örendit ok hann laut ór horninu ok sér, hvat leið drykkinum, ok lízt honum svá sem alllítill munr mun vera, at nú sé lægra í horninu en áðr. Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki: "Vel er drukkit ok eigi til mikit. Eigi myndak trúa, ef mér væri sagt frá, at Ása-Þórr mundi eigi meira drykk drekka, en þó veit ek, at þú munt vilja drekka af í öðrum drykk." Þórr svarar engu, setr hornit á munn sér ok hyggr nú, at hann skal drekka meira drykk, ok þreytir á drykkjuna, sem honum vannst til örendi, ok enn sér hann, at stikillinn hornsins vill ekki upp svá mjök sem honum líkar. Ok er hann tók hornið af munni sér ok sér í, lízt honum nú svá sem minna hafi þorrit men í inu fyrra sinni. Er nú gott beranda borð á horninu. Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki: "Hvat er nú, Þórr, muntu nú eigi sparast til eins drykkjar meira en þér mun hagr á vera? Svá lízt mér, ef þú skalt nú drekka af horninu inn þriðja drykkinn, sem þessi mun mestr ætlaðr. En ekki muntu mega hér með oss heita svá mikill maðr sem æsir kalla þik, ef þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika en mér lízt, at um þenna mun vera." Þá varð Þórr reiðr, setr hornit á munn sér ok drekkr sem ákafligast má hann ok þreytur sem mest á drykkinn. En er hann sá í hornit, þá hafði helst nú nökkut munr á fengizt, ok þá býðr hann upp hornit ok vill eigi drekka meira. Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki: "Auðsætt er nú, at máttr þinn er ekki svá mikill sem vér hugðum, en viltu freista um fleiri leika? Sjá má nú, at ekki nýtir þú hér af." Þórr svarar: "Freista má ek enn of nökkura leika, en undarliga myndi mér þykkja, þá er ek var heima með ásum, ef þvílíkir drykkir væri svá litlir kallaðir. En hvat leik vilið þér nú bjóða mér?" Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki: "Þat gera hér ungir sveinar, er lítit mark mun at þykkja, at hefja upp af jörðu kött minn, en eigi myndak kunna at mæla þvílíkt við Ása-Þór, ef ek hefða eigi sét fyrr, at þú er miklu minni fyrir þér en ek hugða." Því næst hljóp fram köttr einn grár á hallargólfit ok heldr mikill, en Þórr gekk til ok tók hendi sinni niðr undir miðjan kviðinn ok lyfti upp, en kötttrinn beygði kenginn, svá sem Þórr rétti upp höndina. En er Þórr seildist svá langt upp sem hann mátti lengst, þá létti kötturinn einum fæti, ok fekk Þórr eigi framit þenna leik meir. Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki: "Svá fór þessi leikr sem mik varði. Köttrinn er heldr mikill, en Þórr er lágr ok lítill hjá stórmenni því, sem hér er með oss." Þá mælti Þórr: "Svá lítinn sem þér kallið mik, þá gangi nú til einn hverr ok fáist við mik! Nú em ek reiðr." Þá svarar Útgarða-Loki ok litast um á bekkina ok mælti: "Eigi sé ek þann mann hér inni, er eigi mun lítilræði í þykkja at fást við þik." Ok enn mælti hann: "Sjám fyrst, kalli mér hingat kerlinguna fóstru mína, Elli, ok fáist Þórr við hana, ef hann vill. Fellt hefir hon þá menn, er mér hafa litizt eigi ósterkligri en Þórr er." Því næst gekk í höllina kerling ein gömul. Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki, at hon skal taka fang við Ása-þór. Ekki er langt um að gera. Svá fór fang þat, at því harðara er Þórr knúðist at fanginu, því fastara stóð hon. Þá tók kerling at leita til bragða, ok varð Þórr þá lauss á fótum, ok váru þær sviptingar allharðar ok eigi lengi, áðr en Þórr féll á kné öðrum fæti. Þá gekk til Útgarða-Loki ok bað þau hætta fanginu ok sagði svá, at Þórr myndi eigi þurfa at bjóða fleirum mönnum fang í hans hirð. Var þá ok liðit at nótt. Vísaði Útgarða-Loki Þór ok þeim félögum til sætis, ok dveljast þar náttlangt í góðum fagnaði.
En at morgni, þegar dagaði, stendr Þórr upp ok þeir félagar, klæða sik ok eru búnir braut at ganga. Þá kom þar Útgarða-Loki ok lét setja þeim borð. Skorti þá eigi góðan fagnað, mat ok drykk. En er þeir hafa matazt, þá snúast þeir til ferðar. Útgarða-Loki fylgir þeim út, gengr með þeim braut ór borginni, en at skilnaði þá mælti Útgarða-Loki til Þórs ok spyrr, hvernig honum þykkir ferð sín orðin, eða hvárt hann hefir hitt ríkara mann nökkurn en sik. Þórr segir, at eigi mun hann þat segja, at eigi hafi hann mikla ósæmð farit í þeira viðskiptum, - "en þó veit ek, at þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann fyrir mér, ok uni ek því illa." Þá mælti Útgarða-Loki: "Nú skal segja þér it sanna, er þú ert út kominn ór borginni, at ef ek lifi ok megak ráða, þá skaltu aldri oftar í hana koma. Ok þat veit trúa mín, at aldri hefðir þú í hana komit, ef ek hefða vitat áðr, at þú hefðir svá mikinn kraft með þér ok þú hafðir svá nær haft oss mikilli ófæru. En sjónhverfingar hef ek gert þér, svá at fyrsta sinn á skóginum kom ek til fundar við yðr, ok þá er þú skyldir leysa nestbaggann, þá hafðak bundit hann með grésjárni, en þú fannt eigi, hvar upp skyldi lúka. En því næst laust þú mik með hamrinum þrjú högg, ok var it fyrsta minnst ok var þó svá mikit, at mér mundi endast til bana, ef á hefði komit. En þar er þú sátt hjá höll minni setberg ok þar sáttu ofan í þrjá dali ferskeytta ok einn djúpastan, þar váru hamarspor þín. Setberginu brá ek fyrir höggin, en eigi sást þú þat. Svá var ok of leikana, er þér þreyttuð við hirðmenn mína, þá var þat it fyrsta er, Loki gerði. Hann var mjök soltinn ok át títt, en sá er Logi hét, þat var villieldr, ok brenndi hann eigi seinna trogið en slátrit. En er Þjálfi þreytti rásina við þann, er Hugi hét, þat var hugr minn, ok var Þjálfa eigi vænt at þreyta skjótfæri við hann. En er þú drakkt af horninu ok þótti þér seint líða, en þat veit trúa mín, at þá varð þat undr, er ek mynda eigi trúa, at vera mætti. Annarr endir hornsins var úti í hafi, en þat sáttu eigi, en nú, er þú kemr til sjávarins, þá muntu sjá mega, hvern þurrð þú hefir drukkit á sænum. Þat eru nú fjörur kallaðar." Ok enn mælti hann: "Eigi þótti mér hitt minna vera vert, er þú lyftir upp kettinum, ok þér satt at segja, þá hræddust allir þeir, er sá, er þú lyftir af jörðu einum fætinum. En sá köttr var eigi sem þér sýndist. Þat var Miðgarðsormr, er liggr um öll lönd, ok vannst honum varliga lengð til, at jörðina tæki sporðr ok höfuð, svá langt seildist þú upp, at skammt var þá til himins. En hitt var ok mikit undr um fangit, er þú stótt svá lengi við ok fellt eigi meir en á kné öðrum fæti, er þú fékkst við Elli, fyrir því at engi hefir sá orðit ok engi mun verða, ef svá gamall verðr, at elli bíðr, at eigi komi ellin öllum til falls. Ok er nú þat satt at segja, at vér munum skiljast, ok mun þá betr hvárratveggju handar, at þér komit eigi oftar mik at hitta. Ek mun enn annat sinn verja borg mína með þvílíkum vélum eða öðrum, svá at ekki vald munuð þér á mér fá." En er Þórr heyrði þessa tölu, greip hann til hamarsins ok bregðr á loft, en er hann skal fram reiða, þá sér hann þar hvergi Útgarða-Loka. Ok þá snýst hann aftr til borgarinnar ok ætlast þá fyrir at brjóta borgina. Þá sér hann þar völlu víða ok fagra, en enga borg. Snýst hann þá aftr ok ferr leið sína, til þess er hann kom aftr í Þrúðvanga. En þat er satt at segja, at þá hafi hann ráðit fyrir sér at leita til, ef saman mætti bera fundi þeira Miðgarðsorms, sem síðar varð. Nú ætla ek engan kunna þér sannara at segja frá þessi ferð Þórs."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Allmikill er fyrir sér Útgarða-Loki, en með vélum ok fjölkynngi ferr hann mjök, en þat má sjá, at hann er mikill fyrir sér, at hann átti hirðmenn þá, er mikinn mátt hafa, eða hvárt hefir Þórr ekki þessa hefnt?" Hárr svarar: "Eigi er þat ókunnigt, þótt eigi sé fræðimenn, at Þórr leiðrétti þessa ferðina, er nú var frá sagt, ok dvalðist ekki lengi heima, áðr hann bjóst svá skyndiliga til ferðarinnar, at hann hafði eigi reið ok eigi hafrana ok ekki föruneyti. Gekk hann út of Miðgarð svá sem ungr drengr ok kom einn aftan at kveldi til jötuns nökkurs. Sá er Hymir nefndr. Þórr dvalðist þar at gistingu of nóttina. En í dagan stóð Hymir upp ok klæddist ok bjóst at róa á sæ til fiskjar, en Þórr spratt upp ok varð skjótt búinn ok bað, at Hymir skyldi hann láta róa á sæ með sér, en Hymir segir, at lítil liðsemð myndi at honum vera, er hann var lítill ok ungmenni eitt - "ok mun þik kala, ef ek sit svá lengi ok útarliga sem ek em vanr." En Þórr sagði, at hann myndi róa mega fyrir því langt frá landi, at eigi var víst, hvárt hann myndi fyrr beiðast at róa útan, ok reiddist Þórr jötninum svá, at þá var búit, at hann myndi þegar láta hamarinn skjalla honum, en hann lét þat við berast, því at hann hugðist þá at reyna afl sitt í öðrum stað. Hann spurði Hymi hvat, þeir skyldu hafa at beitum, en Hymir bað hann fá sér sjálfan beitur. Þá snerist Þórr á braut þangat, er hann sá öxnaflokk nökkurn, er Hymir átti. Hann tók inn mesta uxann, er Himinhrjóðr hét, ok sleit af höfuðit ok fór með til sjávar. Hafði þá Hymir út skotit nökkvanum. Þórr gekk á skipit ok settist í austrrúm, tók tvær árar ok reri, ok þótti Hymi skriðr verða af róðri hans. Hymir reri í hálsinum fram, ok sóttist skjótt róðrinn. Sagði þá Hymir, at þeir váru komnir á þær vastir, er hann var vanr at sitja ok draga flata fiska, en Þórr kveðst vilja róa miklu lengra, ok tóku þeir enn snertiróðr. Sagði Hymir þá, at þeir váru komnir svá langt út, at hætt var at sitja útar fyrir Miðgarðsormi, en Þórr kveðst myndu róa enn um hríð, ok svá gerði hann, en Hymir var þá allókátr. En þá er Þórr lagði upp árarnar, greiddi hann til vað heldr sterkjan, ok eigi var öngullinn minni eða óramligri. Þar lét Þórr koma á öngulinn uxahöfuðit ok kastaði fyrir borð, ok fór öngullinn til grunns, ok er þér þat satt at segja, at engu ginnti þá Þórr miðr Miðgarðsorm en Útgarða-Loki hafði spottat Þór, þá er hann hóf orminn upp á hendi sér. Miðgarðsormr gein yfir uxahöfuðit, en öngullinn vá í góminn orminum. En er ormrinn kenndi þess, brá hann við svá hart, at báðir hnefar Þórs skullu út at borðinu. Þá varð Þórr reiðr ok færðist í ásmegin, spyrnði við fast, svá at hann hljóp báðum fótum gegnum skipit ok spyrnði við grunni, dró þá orminn upp at borði. En þat má segja, at engi hefir sá sét allógurligar sjónir, er eigi mátti þat sjá, er Þórr hvessti augun á orminn, en ormrinn starði neðan í mót ok blés eitrinu. Þá er sagt, at jötunninn Hymir gerðist litverpr, fölnaði ok hræddist, er hann sá orminn ok þat er særinn féll út ok inn of nökkvann. Ok í því bili, er Þórr greip hamarinn ok færði á loft, þá fálmaði jötunninn til agnsaxinu ok hjó vað Þórs á borði, en ormrinn sökkðist í sæinn. En Þórr kastaði hamrinum eftir honum, ok segja menn, at hann lysti af honum höfuðit við hrönnunum, en ek hygg hitt vera þér satt at segja, at Miðgarðsormr lifir enn ok liggr í umsjá. En Þór reiddi til hnefann ok setr við eyra Hymi, svá at hann steypðist fyrir borð, ok sér í iljar honum, en Þórr óð til lands."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hafa nökkur meiri tíðendi orðit með ásunum? Allmikit þrekvirki vann Þórr í þessi ferð." Hárr svarar: "Vera mun at segja frá þeim tíðendum, er meira þótti vert ásunum. En þat er upphaf þeirar sögu, at Baldr inn góða dreymði drauma stóra ok hættliga um líf sitt. En er hann sagði ásunum draumana, þá báru þeir saman ráð sín, ok var þat gert at beiða griða Baldri fyrir allskonar háska, ok Frigg tók svardaga til þess, at eira skyldu Baldri eldr ok vatn, járn ok alls konar málmr, steinar, jörðin, viðirnir, sóttirnar, dýrin, fuglarnir, eitrit, ormarnir. En er þetta var gert ok vitat, þá var þat skemmtun Baldrs ok ásanna, at hann skyldi standa upp á þingum, en allir aðrir skyldu sumir skjóta á hann, sumir höggva til, sumir berja grjóti, en hvat sem at var gert, sakaði hann ekki, ok þótti þetta öllum mikill frami. En er þetta sá Loki Laufeyjarson, þá líkaði honum illa, er Baldr sakaði ekki. Hann gekk til Fensalar til Friggjar ok brá sér í konu líki. Þá spyrr Frigg, ef sú kona vissi, hvat æsir höfðust at á þinginu. Hon sagði, at allir skutu at Baldri ok þat, at hann sakaði ekki. Þá mælti Frigg: "Eigi munu vápn eða viðir granda Baldri. Eiða hefi ek þegit af öllum þeim." Þá spyr konan: "Hafa allir hlutir eiða unnit at eira Baldri?" Þá svarar Frigg: "Vex viðarteinungr einn fyrir vestan Valhöll. Sá er mistilteinn kallaðr. Sá þótti mér ungr at krefja eiðsins." Því næst hvarf konan á braut, en Loki tók mistiltein ok sleit upp ok gekk til þings. En Höðr stóð útarliga í mannhringnum, því at hann var blindr. Þá mælti Loki við hann: "Hví skýtr þú ekki at Baldri?" Hann svarar: "Því, at ek sé eigi, hvar Baldr er, ok þat annat, at ek em vápnlauss." Þá mælti Loki: "Gerðu þó í líking annarra manna ok veit Baldri sæmð sem aðrir menn. Ek mun vísa þér til, hvar hann stendr. Skjót at honum vendi þessum." Höðr tók mistiltein ok skaut at Baldri at tilvísun Loka. Flaug skotit í gegnum Baldr, ok féll hann dauðr til jarðar, ok hefir þat mest óhapp verit unnit með goðum ok mönnum. Þá er Baldr var fallinn, þá féllust öllum ásum orðtök ok svá hendr at taka til hans, ok sá hverr til annars, ok váru allir með einum hug til þess, er unnit hafði verkit, en engi mátti hefna. Þar var svá mikill griðastaðr. En þá er æsirnir freistuðu at mæla, þá var hitt þó fyrr, at grátrinn kom upp, svá at engi mátti öðrum segja með orðunum frá sínum harmi. En Óðinn bar þeim mun verst þenna skaða sem hann kunni mesta skyn, hversu mikil aftaka ok missa ásunum var í fráfalli Baldrs. En er goðin vitkuðust, þá mælti Frigg ok spurði, hverr sá væri með ásum, er eignast vildi allar ástir hennar ok hylli ok vili hann ríða á helveg ok freista, ef hann fái fundit Baldr, ok bjóða Helju útlausn, ef hon vill láta fara Baldr heim í Ásgarð. En sá er nefndr Hermóðr inn hvati, sonr Óðins, er til þeirar farar varð. Þá var tekinn Sleipnir, hestr Óðins, ok leiddr fram, ok steig Hermóðr á þann hest ok hleypði braut. En æsirnir tóku lík Baldrs ok fluttu til sævar. Hringhorni hét skip Baldrs. Hann var allra skipa mestr. Hann vildu goðin fram setja ok gera þar á bálför Baldrs, en skipit gekk hvergi fram. Þá var sent í Jötunheima eftir gýgi þeiri, er Hyrrokkin hét. En er hon kom ok reið vargi ok hafði höggorm at taumum, þá hljóp hon af hestinum, en Óðinn kallaði til berserki fjóra at gæta hestsins, ok fengu þeir eigi haldit, nema þeir felldi hann. Þá gekk Hyrrokkin á framstafn nökkvans ok hratt fram í fyrsta viðbragði, svá at eldr hraut ór hlunnunum ok lönd öll skulfu. Þá varð Þórr reiðr ok greip hamarinn ok myndi þá brjóta höfuð hennar, áðr en goðin öll báðu henni friðar. Þá var borit út á skipit lík Baldrs, ok er þat sá kona hans, Nanna Nepsdóttir, þá sprakk hon af harmi ok dó. Var hon borin á bálit ok slegit í eldi. Þá stóð Þórr at ok vígði bálit með Mjöllni. En fyrir fótum honum rann dvergr nökkurr; sá er Litr nefndr; en Þórr spyrnði fæti sínum á hann ok hratt honum í eldinn, ok brann hann. En þessa brennu sótti margs konar þjóð, fyrst at segja frá Óðni, at með honum fór Frigg ok valkyrjur ok hrafnar hans, en Freyr ók í kerru með gelti þeim, er Gullinbursti heitir eða Slíðrugtanni, en Heimdallr reið hesti þeim, er Gulltoppr heitir, en Freyja ók köttum sínum. Þar kom ok mikit fólk hrímþursa ok bergrisar. Óðinn lagði á bálit gullhring þann, er Draupnir heitir. Honum fylgði sú náttúra, at ina níundu hverja nótt drupu af honum átta gullhringar jafnhöfgir. Hestr Baldrs var leiddr á bálit með öllu reiði. En þat er at segja frá Hermóði, at hann reið níu nætr dökkva dala ok djúpa, svá at hann sá ekki, fyrr en hann kom til árinnar Gjallar ok reið á Gjallarbrúna. Hon var þökð lýsigulli. Móðguðr er nefnd mær sú, er gætir brúarinnar. Hon spurði hann at nafni eða at ætt ok sagði, at inn fyrra dag riðu um brúna fimm fylki dauðra manna - "en eigi dynr brúin minnr undir einum þér, ok eigi hefir þú lit dauðra manna. Hví ríðr þú hér á helveg?" Hann svarar, at -"ek skal ríða til Heljar at leita Baldrs, eða hvárt hefir þú nakkvat sét Baldr á helvegi?" En hon sagði, at Baldr hafði þar riðit um Gjallarbrú, "en niðr ok norðr liggr helvegr." Þá reið Hermóðr, þar til er hann kom at helgrindum. Þá sté hann af hestinum ok gyrði hann fast, steig upp ok keyrði hann sporum, en hestrinn hljóp svá hart ok yfir grindina, at hann kom hvergi nær. Þá reið Hermóðr heim til hallarinnar ok steig af hesti, gekk inn í höllina, sá þar sitja í öndugi, Baldr bróður sinn, ok dvalðist Hermóðr þar um nóttina. En at morgni þá beiddist Hermóðr af Helju, at Baldr skyldi ríða heim með honum, ok sagði, hversu mikill grátr var með ásum. En Hel sagði, at þat skyldi svá reyna, hvárt Baldr var svá ástsæll - "sem sagt er. Ok ef allir hlutir í heiminum, kykvir ok dauðir, gráta hann, þá skal hann fara til ása aftr, en haldast með Helju, ef nakkvarr mælir við eða vill eigi gráta." Þá stóð Hermóðr upp, en Baldr leiddi hann út ór höllinni ok tók hringinn Draupni ok sendi Óðni til minja, en Nanna sendi Frigg rifti ok enn fleiri gjafar. Fullu fingrgull. Þá reið Hermóðr aftr leið sína ok kom í Ásgarð ok sagði öll tíðendi, þau er hann hafði séð ok heyrt. Því næst sendu æsir um allan heim erendreka at biðja, at Baldr væri grátinn ór helju, en allir gerðu þat, mennirnir ok kykvendin ok jörðin ok steinarnir ok tré ok allr málmr, svá sem þú munt sét hafa, at þessir hlutir gráta þá, er þeir koma ór frosti ok í hita. Þá er sendimenn fóru heim ok höfðu vel rekit sín erendi, finna þeir í helli nökkurum, hvar gýgr sat. Hon nefndist Þökk. Þeir biðja hana gráta Baldr ór Helju. Hon segir: "Þökk mun gráta / þurrum tárum / Baldrs bálfarar; / kyks né dauðs / nautk-a ek Karls sonar, / haldi Hel því, er hefir." En þess geta menn, at þar hafi verit Loki Laufeyjarson, er flest hefir illt gert með ásum."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Allmiklu kom Loki á leið, er hann olli fyrst því, er Baldr var veginn, ok svá því, er hann varð eigi leystr frá helju. Eða hvárt varð honum þessa nakkvat hefnt?" Hárr segir: "Goldit var honum þetta, svá at hann mun lengi kennast. Þá er goðin váru orðin honum svá reið sem ván var, hljóp hann á braut ok fal sik á fjalli nökkuru, gerði þar hús ok fjórar dyrr, at hann mátti sjá ór húsinu í allar ættir, en oft um daga, brá hann sér í laxlíki ok falst þá þar, sem heitir Fránangrsfoss. Þá hugsaði hann fyrir sér, hverja vél æsir mundu til finna at taka hann í forsinum. En er hann sat í húsinu, tók hann língarn ok reið á ræksna, svá sem net er síðan gert, en eldr brann fyrir honum. Þá sá hann, at æsir áttu skammt til hans, ok hafði Óðinn sét ór Hliðskjálfinni, hvar hann var. Hann hljóp þegar upp ok út í ána, en kastaði netinu fram á eldinn. En er æsir koma til hússins, þá gekk sá fyrst inn, er allra var vitrastr, er Kvasir heitir, ok er hann sá á eldinum fölskvann, er netit hafði brunnit, þá skilði hann, at þat myndi vél vera til at taka fiska, ok sagði ásunum. Því næst tóku þeir ok gerðu sér net eftir því, sem þeir sá á fölskvanum, at Loki hafði gert. Ok er búit var netit, þá fara æsir til árinnar ok kasta neti í forsinn. Hélt Þórr öðrum netshálsi, en öðrum héldu allir æsir ok drógu netit, en Loki fór fyrir ok leggst niðr í milli steina tveggja. Drógu þeir netið yfir hann ok kenndu, at kykt var fyrir, ok fara í annat sinn upp til forsins ok kasta út netinu ok binda við svá þungt, at eigi skyli undir mega fara. Ferr þá Loki fyrir netinu. En er hann sér, at skammt var til sævar þá hleypr hann upp yfir þinulinn ok rennir upp í forsinn. Nú sá æsirnir, hvar hann fór, fara enn upp til forsins ok skipta liðinu í tvá staði, en Þórr veðr eftir miðri ánni, ok fara svá út til sævar. En er Loki sér tvá kosti, var þat lífsháski at hlaupa á sæinn, en hinn var annarr at hlaupa enn yfir netit, ok þat gerði hann, hljóp sem snarast yfir netþinulinn. Þórr greip eftir honum ok tók um hann, ok renndi hann í hendi honum, svá at staðar nam höndin við sporðinn, ok er fyrir þá sök laxinn aftrmjór. Nú var Loki tekinn griðalauss ok farit með hann í helli nökkurn. Þá tóku þeir þrjár hellur ok settu á egg ok lustu rauf á hellunni hverri. Þá váru teknir synir Loka, Váli ok Nari eða Narfi. Brugðu æsir Vála í vargslíki ok reif hann í sundr Narfa, bróður sinn. Þá tóku æsir þarma hans ok bundu Loka með yfir þá þrjá eggsteina. Stendr einn undir herðum, annarr undir lendum, þriði undir knésbótum, ok urðu þau bönd at járni. Þá tók Skaði eitrorm ok festi upp yfir hann, svá at eitrit skyldi drjúpa ór orminum í andlit honum, en Sigyn, kona hans, stendr hjá honum ok heldr mundlaug undir eitrdropa. En þá er full er mundlaugin, þá gengr hon ok slær út eitrinu, en meðan drýpr eitrit í andlit honum. Þá kippist hann svá hart við, at jörð öll skelfr. Þat kallið þér landskjálfta. Þar liggr hann í böndum til ragnarökrs."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hver tíðendi eru at segja frá um ragnarökr? Þess hef ek eigi fyrr heyrt getit." Hárr segir: "Mikil tíðendi eru þaðan at segja ok mörg, þau in fyrstu, at vetr sá kemr, er kallaðr er fimbulvetr. Þá drífr snær ór öllum áttum. Frost eru þá mikil ok vindar hvassir. Ekki nýtr sólar. Þeir vetr fara þrír saman ok ekki sumar milli, en áðr ganga svá aðrir þrír vetr, at þá er um alla veröld orrostur miklar. Þá drepast bræðr fyrir ágirni sakar, ok engi þyrmir föður eða syni í manndrápum eða sifjasliti. Svá segir í Völuspá: Bræðr munu berjask / ok at bönum verðask, / munu systrungar / sifjum spilla; / hart er með hölðum, / hórdómr mikill, / skeggjöld, skalmöld, / skildir klofnir, / vindöld, vargöld, / áðr veröld steypisk. Þá verðr þat, er mikil tíðendi þykkja, at úlfrinn gleypir sólna, ok þykkir mönnum þat mikit mein. Þá tekr annarr úlfrinn tunglit, ok gerir sá ok mikit ógagn. Stjörnurnar hverfa af himninum. Þá er ok þat til tíðenda, at svá skelfr jörð öll ok björg, at viðir losna ór jörðu upp, en björgin hrynja, en fjötrar allir ok bönd brotna ok slitna. Þá verðr Fenrisúlfr lauss. Þá geysist hafit á löndin, fyrir því at þá snýst Miðgarðsormr í jötunmóð ok sækir upp á landit. Þá verðr ok þat, at Naglfar losnar, skip þat, er svá heitir. Þat er gert af nöglum dauðra manna, ok er þat fyrir því varnanar vert, ef maðr deyr með óskornum nöglum, at sá maðr eykr mikit efni til skipsins Naglfars, er goðin ok menn vildi seint, at gert yrði. En í þessum sævargang flýtr Naglfar. Hrymr heitir jötunn, er stýrir Naglfari, en Fenrisúlfr ferr með gapandi munn, ok er inn neðri kjöftr við jörðu, en in efri við himin. Gapa myndi hann meira, ef rúm væri til. Eldar brenna ór augum hans ok nösum. Miðgarðsormr blæss svá eitrinu, at hann dreifir loft öll ok lög, ok er hann allógurligr, ok er hann á aðra hlið úlfinum. Í þessum gný klofnar himinninn, ok ríða þaðan Múspellssynir. Surtr ríðr fyrst ok fyrir honum ok eftir eldr brennandi. Sverð hans er gott mjök. Af því skínn bjartara en af sólu. En er þeir ríða Bifröst, þá brotnar hon, sem fyrr er sagt. Múspellsmegir sækja fram á þann völl, er Vígríðr heitir. Þar kemr ok þá Fenrisúlfr ok Miðgarðsormr. Þar er ok þá Loki kominn ok Hrymr ok með honum allir hrímþursar, en Loka fylgja allir Heljarsinnar. En Múspellssynir hafa einir sér fylking, ok er sú björt mjök. Völlrinn Vígríðr er hundrað rasta víðr á hvern veg. En er þessi tíðendi verða, þá stendr upp Heimdallr ok blæss ákafliga í Gjallarhorn ok vekr upp öll goðin, ok eiga þau þing saman. Þá ríðr Óðinn til Mímisbrunns ok tekr ráð af Mími fyrir sér ok sínu liði. Þá skelfr askr Yggdrasils, ok engi hlutr er þá óttalauss á himni eða jörðu. Æsir hervæða sik ok allir Einherjar ok sækja fram á völluna. Ríðr fyrstr Óðinn með gullhjálminn ok fagra brynju ok geir sinn, er Gungnir heitir. Stefnir hann móti Fenrisúlf, en Þórr fram á aðra hlið honum, ok má hann ekki duga honum, því at hann hefir fullt fang at berjast við Miðgarðsorm. Freyr berst móti Surti, ok verðr harðr samgangr, áðr Freyr fellr. Þat verðr hans bani, er hann missir þess ins góða sverðs, er hann gaf Skírni. Þá er ok lauss orðinn hundrinn Garmr, er bundinn er fyrir Gnipahelli. Hann er it mesta forað. Hann á víg móti Tý, ok verðr hvárr öðrum at bana. Þórr berr banaorð af Miðgarðsormi ok stígr þaðan braut níu fet. Þá fellr hann dauðr til jarðar fyrir eitri því, er ormrinn blæss á hann. Úlfrinn gleypir Óðin. Verðr þat hans bani. En þegar eftir snýst fram Víðarr ok stígr öðrum fæti í neðra kjöft úlfsins. Á þeim fæti hefir hann þann skó, er allan aldr hefir verit til samnat. Þat eru bjórar þeir, er menn sníða ór skóm sínum fyrir tám eða hæli. Því skal þeim bjórum braut kasta sá maðr, er at því vill hyggja at koma ásunum at liði. Annarri hendi tekr hann inn efra kjöft úlfsins ok rífr sundr gin hans, ok verðr þat úlfsins bani. Loki á orrostu við Heimdall, ok verðr hvárr annars bani. Því næst slyngr Surtr eldi yfir jörðina ok brennir allan heim. Svá er sagt í Völuspá: Hátt blæss Heimdallr, / horn er á lofti, / mælir Óðinn / við Míms höfuð; / skelfr Yggdrasils / askr standandi, / ymr it aldna tré, / en jötunn losnar. Hvat er með ásum? / Hvat er með alfum? / Ymr allr Jötunheimr, / æsir ro á þingi, / stynja dvergar / fyrir steindurum, / veggbergs vísir. / Vituð ér enn eða hvat? Hrymr ekr austan, / hefisk lind fyrir, / snýsk Jörmungandr / í jötunmóði; / ormr knýr unnir, / örn mun hlakka, / slítr nái niðfölr, / Naglfar losnar. Kjóll ferr austan, / koma munu Múspells / of lög lýðir, / en Loki stýrir; / þar eru fíflmegir / með freka allir, / þeir er bróðir / Býleists í för. Surtr ferr sunnan / með sviga lævi, / skínn af sverði / sól valtíva; / grjótbjörg gnata, / en gífr rata, / troða halir helveg, / en himinn klofnar. Þá kemr Hlínar / harmr annarr fram, / er Óðinn ferr / við ulf vega, / en bani Belja / bjartr at Surti; / þar mun Friggjar / falla angan. Gengr Óðins sonr / við ulf vega, / Víðarr of veg / at valdýri; / lætr hann megi Hveðrungs / mund of standa / hjör til hjarta; / þá er hefnt föður. Gengr inn mæri / mögr Hlöðynjar / neppr af naðri / níðs ókvíðnum; / munu halir allir / heimstöð ryðja, / er af móði drepr / Miðgarðs véurr. Sól mun sortna, / sökkr fold í mar, / hverfa af himni / heiðar stjörnur, / geisar eimi / ok aldrnari, / leikr hár hiti, / við himin sjalfan. Hér segir enn svá: Vígríðr heitir völlr, / er finnask vígi at / Surtr ok in svásu goð; / hundrað rasta / hann er á hverjan veg; / sá er þeim völlr vitaðr."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvat verðr þá eftir, er brenndr er heimr allr ok dauð goðin öll ok allir Einherjar ok allt mannfólk? Ok hafið þér áðr sagt, at hverr maðr skal lifa í nökkurum heimi um allar aldir." Þá svarar Þriði: "Margar eru þá vistir góðar ok margar illar. Bazt er þá at vera á Gimlé á himni, ok allgott er til góðs drykkjar þeim, er þat þykkir gaman, í þeim sal, er Brimir heitir. Hann stendr á Ókólni. Sá er ok góðr salr, er stendr á Niðafjöllum, gerr af rauðu gulli. Sá heitir Sindri. Í þessum sölum skulu byggja góðir menn ok siðlátir. Á Náströndum er mikill salr ok illr, ok horfa norðr dyrr. Hann er ofinn allr ormahryggjum sem vandahús, en ormahöfuð öll vitu inn í húsit ok blása eitri, svá at eftir salnum renna eitrár, ok vaða þær ár eiðrofar ok morðvargar, svá sem hér segir: Sal veit ek standa / sólu fjarri / Náströndu á, / norðr horfa dyrr; / falla eitrdropar / inn um ljóra; / sá er undinn salr / orma hryggjum. Skulu þar vaða / þunga strauma / menn meinsvara / ok morðvargar. En í Hvergelmi er verst: Þar kvelr Níðhöggr / nái framgengna."
Þá mælti Gangleri: "Hvárt lifa nökkur goðin þá, eða er þá nökkur jörð eða himinn?" Hárr segir: "Upp skýtr jörðunni þá ór sænum ok er þá græn ok fögr. Vaxa þá akrar ósánir. Víðarr ok Váli lifa, svá at eigi hefir særinn ok Surtalogi grandat þeim, ok byggja þeir á Iðavelli, þar sem fyrr var Ásgarðr, ok þar koma þá synir Þórs, Móði ok Magni, ok hafa þar Mjöllni. Því næst koma þar Baldr ok Höðr frá Heljar, setjast þá allir samt ok talast við ok minnast á rúnar sínar ok ræða of tíðendi þau, er fyrrum höfðu verit, of Miðgarðsorm ok um Fenrisúlf. Þá finna þeir í grasinu gulltöflur þær, er æsirnir höfðu átt. Svá er sagt: Víðarr ok Váli / byggva vé goða, / þá er sortnar Surtalogi; / Móði ok Magni / skulu Mjöllni hafa / Vingnis at vígþroti. En þar, sem heitir Hoddmímisholt, leynast menn tveir í surtaloga, er svá heita, Líf ok Leifþrasir, ok hafa morgindöggvar fyrir mat, en af þessum mönnum kemr svá mikil kynslóð, at byggvist heimr allr, svá sem hér segir: Líf ok Leifþrasir, / en þau leynask munu / í holti Hoddmímis; / morgindöggvar / þau at mat hafa, / en þaðan af aldir alask. Ok hitt mun þér undarligt þykkja, er sólin hefir getit dóttur eigi ófegri en hon er, ok ferr sú þá stigu móður sinnar, sem hér segir: Eina dóttur / berr alfröðull, / áðr hana fenrir fari; / sú skal ríða, / er regin deyja, / móður brautir mær. En ef þú kannt lengra fram at spyrja, þá veit ek eigi, hvaðan þér kemr þat, fyrir því at engan mann heyrða ek lengra segja fram aldarfarit, ok njóttu nú sem þú namt."
Því næst heyrði Gangleri dyni mikla hvern veg frá sér ok leit út á hlið sér. Ok þá er hann sést meir um, þá stendr hann úti á sléttum velli, sér þá enga höll ok enga borg. Gengr hann þá leið sína braut ok kemr heim í ríki sitt ok segir þau tíðendi, er hann hefir sét ok heyrt, ok eftir honum sagði hverr maðr öðrum þessar sögur. En æsir setjast þá á tal ok ráða ráðum sínum ok minnast á þessar frásagnir allar, er honum váru sagðar, ok gefa nöfn þessi in sömu, er áðr váru nefnd, mönnum ok stöðum þeim, er þar váru, til þess, at þá er langar stundir liði, at menn skyldu ekki ifast í, at allir væru einir þeir æsir, er nú var frá sagt, ok þessir, er þá váru þau sömu nöfn gefin. Þar var þá Þórr kallaðr, ok er sá Ása-Þórr inn gamli.
古ノルド語の
King Gylfi ruled the lands now called Sweden. It is said of him that he gave a wandering woman, as a reward for entertaining him, as much ploughland in his kingdom as four oxen could plough in a day and a night. This woman was of the race of the Aesir; her name was Gefjon. She took four oxen from the north, out of Jotunheim; they were her sons by a certain giant. She harnessed them to a plough, and the plough cut so broadly and deeply that it loosened the land. The oxen dragged that land out to sea and westward, and stopped in a certain strait. There Gefjon set the land down, gave it a name, and called it Zealand. Where the land had been torn up, a lake remained. It is now called Lake Mälaren in Sweden, and the inlets in the lake correspond to the headlands of Zealand. As the poet Bragi the Old says:
Gefjon gladly drew from Gylfi
the deep-soiled round of land,
Denmark's increase, so that the straining
beasts sent up steam.
The oxen bore eight
forehead moons and four heads
as they went before the broad
plundered island of meadows.
King Gylfi was a wise man and skilled in magic. He wondered greatly that the people of the Aesir were so knowledgeable that everything went according to their wishes. He considered whether this came from their own nature or was brought about by the divine powers they worshipped. He set out for Asgard, travelling secretly, and disguised himself by taking on the appearance of an old man. But the Aesir were wiser in this, for they had the gift of prophecy: they saw his journey before he arrived and prepared illusions to meet him.
When he entered the stronghold, he saw a hall so high that he could scarcely see over it. Its roof was laid with gilded shields like shingles. As Thjodolf of Hvin says, Valhalla was roofed with shields:
On their backs the thoughtful warriors
let Svafnir's hall-shingles gleam;
they were battered
with stones.
Gylfi saw a man in the doorway of the hall, juggling short swords, with seven in the air at once. This man was the first to ask the other's name. Gylfi called himself Gangleri and said he had come by out-of-the-way paths. He asked for a night's lodging and asked who owned the hall. The man answered that it belonged to their king: “But I can take you to see him. Then you must ask his name yourself.” The man turned and went ahead of him into the hall, and he followed. At once the door closed behind his heels. There he saw many sections of floor and many people: some were playing games, some drinking, and some fighting with weapons. He looked around, and many things he saw seemed incredible to him. Then he said:
Every doorway,
before going forward,
should be looked about,
for there is no knowing
where enemies sit
in the hall ahead.
He saw three high seats, each above the next, with three men, one in each. He asked the names of their rulers. The man who had led him in answered that the one seated in the lowest high seat was king: “His name is Har; next is the one called Jafnhar, and highest is the one called Thridi.”
Har asked the newcomer whether he had any further business, adding that food and drink were freely available to him, as to everyone there in Har's hall. He said that first he wished to ask whether there was any learned man inside. Har said he would not come out unharmed unless he proved the wiser:
“And stand forward
while you ask;
the one who answers shall sit.”
Gangleri began by asking: “Who is highest or oldest of all the gods?”
Har said: “He is called Allfather in our language, but in ancient Asgard he had twelve names. One is Allfather, the second Herran or Herjan, the third Nikar or Hnikar, the fourth Nikud or Hnikud, the fifth Fjolnir, the sixth Oski, the seventh Omi, the eighth Biflidi or Biflindi, the ninth Svidur, the tenth Svidrir, the eleventh Vidrir, and the twelfth Jalg or Jalk.”
Then Gangleri asked: “Where is this god, what powers does he have, and what great deeds has he done?”
Har said: “He lives through all ages, governs his entire realm, and rules all things, great and small.”
Then Jafnhar said: “He fashioned heaven and earth and the skies, and everything in them.”
Then Thridi said: “Yet his greatest deed was to make humankind and give each person a soul that shall live and never perish, though the body rots into earth or burns to ashes. All people who live rightly shall live on and be with him himself in the place called Gimle or Vingolf. But wicked people go to Hel, and from there into Niflhel, down in the ninth world.”
Then Gangleri said: “What was he doing before heaven and earth were made?”
Har answered: “Then he was among the frost giants.”
Gangleri said: “What was the beginning, how did it begin, and what was there before?”
Har answered: “As it says in the Seeress's Prophecy:
It was early in the ages,
when nothing existed;
there was neither sand nor sea
nor cool waves;
earth was nowhere to be found,
nor heaven above;
there was Ginnungagap,
but no grass.”
Then Jafnhar said: “It was many ages before the earth was created that Niflheim was made. In its centre lies the spring called Hvergelmir, and from it flow the rivers named Svol, Gunnthra, Fjorm, Fimbulthul, Slid and Hrid, Sylg and Ylg, Vid and Leipt. Gjoll is nearest the gates of Hel.”
Then Thridi said: “First, however, there was the world in the southern region called Muspell. It is bright and hot. That region flames and burns, and it is impassable to outsiders who have no ancestral home there. The one who sits at its frontier to defend the land is called Surt. He has a flaming sword, and at the end of the world he will go out to wage war, defeat all the gods, and burn the whole world with fire. As it says in the Seeress's Prophecy:
Surt comes from the south
with the scourge of branches;
from his sword shines
the sun of the gods of the slain;
rocky mountains crash,
and giantesses stumble;
men tread the road to Hel,
and heaven splits apart.”
Gangleri said: “How did things take shape before the races came into being or humankind increased?”
Then Har said: “When the rivers called Elivagar had come so far from their sources that the poisonous fluid flowing with them hardened like the slag that runs from a fire, it became ice. When that ice came to a standstill and no longer flowed, it froze over. The vapour rising from the poison froze into frost, and the frost built up layer upon layer, all the way into Ginnungagap.”
Then Jafnhar said: “The part of Ginnungagap facing north filled with the weight and heaviness of ice and frost, and within it were mist and gusts of wind. But the southern part of Ginnungagap grew light from the sparks and glowing embers that flew out of Muspell's world.”
Then Thridi said: “Just as cold and all things harsh came from Niflheim, everything facing towards Muspell was hot and bright. But Ginnungagap was as mild as windless air. When the frost met the warm breath of heat, so that it melted and dripped, life arose from those flowing drops through the power of the one who sent the heat. It took on a human shape, and this being was named Ymir. The frost giants call him Aurgelmir, and from him descend the races of frost giants, as it says in the Shorter Seeress's Prophecy:
All seeresses descend
from Vidolf,
all wizards
from Vilmeid,
and practitioners of sorcery
from Svarthofdi;
all giants
descend from Ymir.
And here the giant Vafthrudnir says:
From Elivagar
sprang drops of poison,
and grew until a giant emerged;
from there our kindreds
all came together;
that is why they are always so fierce.”
Then Gangleri said: “How did races grow from him, or how did it happen that more people came into being? And do you believe that the one you have just told me about is a god?”
Har answered: “By no means do we acknowledge him as a god. He is evil, as are all his descendants. We call them frost giants. It is said that while he slept, he began to sweat. Then a man and a woman grew beneath his left arm, and one of his feet fathered a son with the other. From these came the races of frost giants. That ancient frost giant we call Ymir.”
Then Gangleri said: “Where did Ymir live, and what did he live on?”
Har answered: “The next thing was that, as the frost dripped, it formed a cow called Audhumla. Four rivers of milk flowed from her teats, and she nourished Ymir.”
Then Gangleri said: “What nourished the cow?”
Har answered: “She licked the frost-covered stones, which were salty. On the first day she licked them, a man's hair emerged from the stone by evening; on the second day, a man's head; and on the third day, a whole man was there. He is called Buri. He was handsome, large, and powerful. He fathered a son called Bor, who married a woman called Bestla, daughter of the giant Bolthorn, and they had three sons. One was called Odin, the second Vili, and the third Ve. It is my belief that this Odin and his brothers are the rulers of heaven and earth. We believe that this is his name. It is the name of the man we know to be greatest and most glorious, and you may well call him by that name.”
Then Gangleri said: “What became of their relations, and which side was stronger?”
Har answered: “Bor's sons killed the giant Ymir. When he fell, so much blood poured from his wounds that in it they drowned the whole race of frost giants, except for one who escaped with his household. The giants call him Bergelmir. He climbed onto his mill-box with his wife and survived there. From them descend the races of frost giants, as it says here:
Countless winters
before the earth was created,
Bergelmir was born;
the first thing I remember
is when that wise giant
was laid upon a mill-box.”
Then Gangleri said: “What did Bor's sons do next, if you believe they are gods?”
Har said: “There is no small tale to tell of that. They took Ymir and carried him into the middle of Ginnungagap, and from him they made the earth, and from his blood the sea and lakes. The earth was made from his flesh, and the mountains from his bones. Stones and scree they made from his teeth and molars and from the bones that had been broken.”
Then Jafnhar said: “From the blood that flowed freely out of his wounds they made the sea, when they formed and joined the earth together. They laid that sea in a ring around it, and most people would think it impossible to cross.”
Then Thridi said: “They also took his skull and made the sky from it, setting it up over the earth with four corners. Beneath each corner they placed a dwarf. Their names are Austri, Vestri, Nordri, and Sudri. Then they took the glowing embers and sparks that flew loose, having been cast out of Muspell's world, and set them in the middle of Ginnungagap, both above and below in the heavens, to light heaven and earth. They assigned places to all the heavenly lights. Some were fixed in the heavens, while others moved freely beneath them; yet even these they assigned their places and appointed their courses. Ancient lore says that from then on days and nights were distinguished and years reckoned. As it says in the Seeress's Prophecy:
The sun did not know
where she had her dwelling;
the moon did not know
what power he had;
the stars did not know
where they had their places.
That was how things were before this happened.”
Then Gangleri said: “These are great tidings that I now hear. That is a tremendous work, and skilfully made. What shape did the earth have?”
Har answered: “It is circular around its outer edge, and the deep sea lies all around it. Along that seashore they gave lands to the races of giants to settle. But farther inland they built a fortification around the world against the hostility of the giants. For this fortification they used the giant Ymir's eyebrows, and they called it Midgard. They also took his brain and threw it into the air, making the clouds from it, as it says here:
From Ymir's flesh
the earth was created,
and from his blood the sea,
mountains from his bones,
trees from his hair,
and from his skull the sky.
And from his eyebrows
the gracious powers made
Midgard for the children of men;
and from his brain
all those fierce-tempered
clouds were created.”
Then Gangleri said: "It seems to me that they had accomplished a great deal by then, when earth and heaven had been made, the sun and heavenly bodies set in place, and day and night divided. But where did the people who inhabit the world come from?"
Then Har said: "As the sons of Bor walked along the seashore, they found two trees, picked them up, and fashioned people from them. The first gave them breath and life, the second understanding and movement, and the third a face, speech, hearing, and sight. They gave them clothes and names. The man was called Ask and the woman Embla, and from them sprang the human race, which was given a dwelling within Midgard. Next they made themselves a stronghold in the middle of the world, called Asgard. We call it Troy. There the gods and their kindreds dwelt, and from there arose many events and happenings, both on earth and in the sky. There is a place there called Hlidskjalf, and when Odin sat there in the high seat, he could see throughout all worlds and see every person's deeds, and he understood everything he saw. His wife was called Frigg, daughter of Fjorgyn, and from their line comes the race we call the kindreds of the Aesir, who have inhabited ancient Asgard and the realms belonging to it. That entire race is of divine descent. And he may be called Allfather because he is the father of all the gods and humans and everything that was brought into being by him and his power. Jord was his daughter and his wife. By her he fathered his first son, who is Thor of the Aesir. Power and strength were his, and with them he overcomes all living creatures.
A giant called Norfi or Narfi lived in Jotunheim. He had a daughter called Night. She was black and dark, as befitted her ancestry. She was married to a man called Naglfari. Their son was called Aud. Next she was married to a man called Anar. Their daughter was called Jord. Last she married Delling, who was of the race of the Aesir. Their son was Day. He was bright and beautiful, taking after his father. Then Allfather took Night and her son Day, gave them two horses and two chariots, and sent them up into the sky to ride around the earth every twenty-four hours. Night rides first, on the horse called Hrimfaxi, and every morning he bedews the earth with the drops of foam from his bit. The horse Day owns is called Skinfaxi, and his mane lights up all the sky and the earth."
Then Gangleri said: "How does he direct the course of the sun or the moon?"
Har said: "There was a man called Mundilfari who had two children. They were so beautiful and fair that he called his son Mani and his daughter Sol, and married her to a man called Glen. But the gods were angered by this arrogance, so they took the brother and sister and placed them up in the sky. They made Sol drive the horses that drew the chariot of the sun, which the gods had fashioned to light the worlds from a glowing ember that flew out of Muspellheim. Those horses are called Arvak and Alsvid. Beneath the horses' shoulders the gods placed two bellows to cool them, though in some accounts this is called Isarnkol. Mani directs the course of the moon and governs its waxing and waning. He took two children from the earth, called Bil and Hjuki, as they were walking away from the well called Byrgir, carrying on their shoulders a tub called Saeg, on a pole called Simul. Their father is called Vidfinn. These children accompany Mani, as can be seen from the earth."
Then Gangleri said: "The sun travels swiftly, almost as though she were afraid, and she could scarcely hasten her course more even if she feared her own death."
Then Har answered: "It is no wonder she travels so swiftly. The one pursuing her is close behind, and she has no escape except to flee."
Then Gangleri said: "Who is it that causes her this trouble?"
Har said: "There are two wolves. The one that follows her is called Skoll. She fears him, and he will catch her. The one running ahead of her is called Hati, son of Hrodvitnir. He wants to catch the moon, and so it will happen."
Then Gangleri said: "What is the wolves' ancestry?"
Har said: "A giantess lives east of Midgard in the forest called Ironwood. In that forest dwell the troll-women called the Ironwood women. The old giantess bears many giants as sons, all in the shape of wolves, and these wolves are descended from them. It is said that the mightiest of that kin will be the one called Managarm. He fills himself with the lifeblood of everyone who dies, and he swallows the moon and spatters blood over heaven and all the sky. Then the sun loses its light, and the winds rage and roar from every side. As it says in the Prophecy of the Seeress:
In the east the old one lives,
in Ironwood,
and there gives birth
to Fenrir's brood;
of them all
one will become
the moon's snatcher
in a troll's shape.
He fills himself with the lifeblood
of doomed people,
reddens the gods' dwelling
with crimson blood;
the sun's rays turn black
in the summers that follow,
all weather treacherous.
Do you know yet—or what?"
Then Gangleri said: "What is the way from earth to heaven?"
Then Har answered with a laugh: "That is not a knowledgeable question. Have you not been told that the gods made a bridge from earth to heaven called Bifrost? You must have seen it. Perhaps you call it the rainbow. It has three colours and is very strong, made with greater skill and knowledge than other works. But strong as it is, it will break when the sons of Muspell advance and ride over it, and their horses will swim across great rivers. That is how they will make their way."
Then Gangleri said: "It seems to me that the gods did not build the bridge faithfully if it can break, when they can make things as they please."
Then Har said: "The gods deserve no blame for this work. Bifrost is a good bridge, but there is nothing in this world that can be relied upon when the sons of Muspell attack."
Then Gangleri said: "What did Allfather do when Asgard had been made?"
Har said: "At first he appointed rulers to their seats and asked them to judge people's fates with him and decide how the stronghold should be arranged. This was at the place called Idavoll, in the middle of the stronghold. Their first work was to build the temple where their twelve seats stand, besides the high seat belonging to Allfather. That building is the finest and largest on earth. Inside and out it is all like pure gold. People call that place Gladsheim. They made another hall, a sanctuary belonging to the goddesses, and it was very beautiful. People call that building Vingolf. Next they made a building in which they set up a forge, and for it they made a hammer, tongs, and an anvil, and then all the other tools. After that they worked metal, stone, and wood, and so abundantly the metal called gold that all their household furnishings and all their equipment were made of gold. That age is called the golden age, before it was spoiled by the coming of the women. They came from Jotunheim.
Next the gods took their seats, gave their judgments, and considered how dwarfs had come to life in the soil and down in the earth, like maggots in flesh. The dwarfs had first taken shape and come to life in Ymir's flesh, and were then maggots, but by the gods' decree they acquired human understanding and human form, though they live in earth and stones. Motsognir was the foremost, and Durin the second. As it says in the Prophecy of the Seeress:
Then all the powers went
to the seats of judgment,
the most holy gods,
and considered this:
who should fashion
the host of dwarfs
from the bloody sea
and from Blain's limbs.
There many forms
of human likeness were made,
dwarfs in the earth,
as Durin said.
And she gives these names of the dwarfs:
Nyi, Nidi,
Nordri, Sudri,
Austri, Vestri,
Althjof, Dvalin,
Nar, Nain,
Niping, Dain,
Bifur, Bafur,
Bombur, Nori,
Ori, Onar,
Oin, Mjodvitnir.
Vigg and Gandalf,
Vindalf, Thorin,
Fili, Kili,
Fundin, Vali,
Thror, Throin,
Thekk, Lit and Vit,
Nyr, Nyrad,
Rekk, Radsvid.
These too are dwarfs, and they live in stones, while the former live in the soil:
Draupnir, Dolgthvari,
Har, Hugstari,
Hledjolf, Gloin,
Dori, Ori,
Duf, Andvari,
Heftifili,
Har, Sviar.
But these came from Svarin's Mound to Aurvangar on Joruvellir, and from them Lofar is descended. These are their names:
Skirfir, Virfir,
Skafid, Ai,
Alf, Yngvi,
Eikinskjaldi,
Fal, Frosti,
Fid, Ginnar."
Then Gangleri said: "Where is the gods' chief seat or holy place?"
Har answered: "It is at the ash Yggdrasil. There the gods must hold their courts each day."
Then Gangleri said: "What is there to tell about that place?"
Then Jafnhar said: "The ash is the greatest and best of all trees. Its branches spread over the whole world and reach above heaven. Three roots support the tree and spread very far apart. One is among the Aesir, another among the frost-giants, where Ginnungagap once was. The third stands over Niflheim, and beneath that root is Hvergelmir, while Nidhogg gnaws at the root from below. Beneath the root that reaches towards the frost-giants is Mimir's Well, in which wisdom and understanding are hidden. The owner of the well is called Mimir. He is full of knowledge because he drinks from the well with the horn Gjallarhorn. Allfather came there and asked for a single drink from the well, but he did not receive it until he had given his eye as a pledge. As it says in the Prophecy of the Seeress:
I know it all, Odin,
where you hid your eye,
in the renowned
Well of Mimir.
Mimir drinks mead
every morning
from the pledge of the Father of the Slain.
Do you know yet—or what?
The ash's third root stands in heaven, and beneath that root is a very holy well called Urd's Well. There the gods have their place of judgment. Every day the Aesir ride up there over Bifrost. It is also called the Aesir's Bridge. The horses of the Aesir have these names: Sleipnir is the best; Odin owns him. He has eight legs. The second is Glad, the third Gyllir, the fourth Glen, the fifth Skeidbrimir, the sixth Silfrintopp, the seventh Sinir, the eighth Gisl, the ninth Falhofnir, the tenth Gulltopp, and the eleventh Lettfeti. Baldr's horse was burned with him, but Thor walks to the court and wades the rivers whose names are these:
Kormt and Ormt
and the two Kerlaugar,
these Thor must wade
every day
when he goes to give judgment
at the ash Yggdrasil,
for the Aesir's Bridge
burns all aflame,
the holy waters seethe."
Then Gangleri said: "Does fire burn over Bifrost?"
Har said: "The red you see in the rainbow is burning fire. Frost-giants and mountain-giants would make their way up into heaven if Bifrost were passable to everyone who wished to cross it. There are many beautiful places in heaven, and divine protection surrounds them all. A beautiful hall stands there beneath the ash beside the well, and from that hall come three maidens called Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld. These maidens shape people's lives. We call them Norns. There are also other Norns, who come to every child that is born to shape its life. Some are of divine descent, others are of the race of elves, and a third kind are of the race of dwarfs, as it says here:
Of widely different births
I say the Norns are;
they have no common kin;
some are descended from the Aesir,
some are descended from elves,
some are Dvalin's daughters."
Then Gangleri said: "If the Norns determine people's fates, they deal them out very unevenly: some have good and prosperous lives, while others have little property or renown; some have long lives, others short."
Har said: "Good Norns of noble descent shape good lives, but when people suffer misfortune, evil Norns are responsible."
Then Gangleri said: “What other remarkable things are there to tell about the ash?”
Har says: “There is much to tell about it. An eagle sits in the branches of the ash, and it knows many things, while between its eyes sits a hawk called Vedrfolnir. A squirrel called Ratatosk runs up and down the ash and carries spiteful words between the eagle and Nidhogg. Four stags run among the branches of the ash and browse on its foliage. Their names are Dain, Dvalin, Duneyr, and Durathror. And so many serpents are in Hvergelmir with Nidhogg that no tongue can count them. As it says here:
The ash Yggdrasil
suffers hardship
greater than people know;
a stag bites it above,
its side rots,
Nidhogg gnaws it below.
And this too is said:
More serpents lie
beneath the ash Yggdrasil
than any foolish ape could imagine.
Goin and Moin,
they are Grafvitnir’s sons,
Grabak and Grafvollud,
Ofnir and Svafnir,
will, I think, forever
eat away the tree’s branches.
It is also said that the Norns who dwell beside Urd’s Well draw water from the well every day, together with the mud that lies around it, and pour it over the ash so that its branches will not wither or rot. This water is so holy that everything that enters the well becomes as white as the membrane called the eggshell lining, which lies against the inside of an eggshell, as it says here:
I know an ash standing,
called Yggdrasil,
a tall, holy tree,
sprinkled with white mud;
from it come dews
that fall in the valleys;
it stands forever green above
Urd’s Well.
The dew that falls from it onto the earth is what people call honeydew, and bees feed on it. Two birds are nourished in Urd’s Well. They are called swans, and from these birds has come the kind of bird that bears that name.”
Then Gangleri said: “You can tell great tidings of heaven. What other chief places are there besides Urd’s Well?”
Har says: “There are many splendid places there. One place there is called Alfheim. The people called Light Elves dwell there, but Dark Elves live down in the earth. They differ from them in appearance, and much more in their nature. Light Elves are fairer to look at than the sun, but Dark Elves are blacker than pitch. There is a place called Breidablik, and no place there is fairer. There is also one called Glitnir, whose walls, posts, and pillars are all of red gold, while its roof is of silver. There is another place called Himinbjorg. It stands at the edge of heaven, at the bridge’s end, where Bifrost reaches heaven. There is also a great place called Valaskjalf. Odin owns that place. The gods built it and roofed it with pure silver, and there in this hall is Hlidskjalf, the high seat so named. When Allfather sits in that seat, he sees over all the worlds. At the southern edge of heaven stands the hall called Gimle, the fairest of all and brighter than the sun. It will stand when both heaven and earth have perished, and good and righteous people will dwell in that place for all ages. As it says in the Seeress’s Prophecy:
I know a hall standing,
fairer than the sun,
roofed with gold,
at Gimle;
there shall faithful
people dwell
and through all time
enjoy delight.”
Then Gangleri said: “What protects that place when Surt’s flame burns heaven and earth?”
Har says: “It is said that there is another heaven to the south and above this heaven, called Andlang, and that a third heaven lies still higher, called Vidblain. We believe this place to be in that heaven. But we believe that only Light Elves dwell in those places now.”
Then Gangleri said: “Where does the wind come from? It is strong enough to stir great seas, and it fans fire. Yet strong as it is, it cannot be seen, so it is strangely made.”
Then Har said: “I can readily tell you that. At the northern edge of heaven sits a giant called Hraesvelg. He has an eagle’s shape, and when he takes flight, winds rise from beneath his wings. As it says here:
Hraesvelg he is called,
who sits at heaven’s edge,
a giant in eagle’s shape;
from his wings
they say the wind comes
over all people.”
Then Gangleri said: “Why is there so great a difference that summer should be hot and winter cold?”
Har says: “A man so learned would not ask that, for everyone can tell you this. But if you alone have become so ignorant that you have not heard it, I will nevertheless give you credit for asking an ignorant question once rather than remaining any longer unaware of what you ought to know. The father of Summer is called Svasud, and he leads so pleasant a life that from his name whatever is gentle is called ‘pleasant.’ But Winter’s father is called either Vindloni or Vindsval. He is the son of Vasad, and those kinsmen were fierce and cold-hearted, and Winter has their disposition.”
Then Gangleri said: “Who are the Aesir in whom people ought to believe?”
Har says: “There are twelve Aesir of divine lineage.”
Then Jafnhar said: “The goddesses are no less holy, and their power is no less.”
Then Thridi said: “Odin is the highest and oldest of the Aesir. He rules all things, and mighty as the other gods are, they all serve him as children serve their father. Frigg is his wife, and she knows people’s destinies, though she utters no prophecies, as it is said here that Odin himself spoke to the god called Loki:
You are mad, Loki,
and out of your mind;
why will you not stop, Loki?
All destinies Frigg,
I believe, knows,
though she herself says nothing.
Odin is called Allfather because he is the father of all the gods. He is also called Valfather, because all those who fall in battle are his adopted sons. He assigns them Valhalla and Vingolf, and they are then called Einherjar. He is also called Hangagud and Haftagud, Farmagud, and he named himself in still more ways when he came to King Geirrod:
I called myself Grim
and Gangleri,
Herjan, Hjalmberi,
Thekk, Thridi,
Thud, Ud,
Helblindi, Har, Sad, Svipal,
Sanngetal,
Herteit, Hnikar,
Bileyg, Baleyg,
Bolverk, Fjolnir,
Grimnir, Glapsvid, Fjolsvid,
Sidhott, Sidskegg,
Sigfather, Hnikud,
Allfather, Atrid, Farmatyr,
Oski, Omi,
Jafnhar, Biflindi,
Gondlir, Harbard,
Svidur, Svidrir,
Jalk, Kjalar, Vidur,
Thror, Ygg, Thund,
Vakr, Skilfing,
Vafud, Hroftatyr,
Gaut, Veratyr.”
Then Gangleri said: “You have given him an enormous number of names, and on my faith, it must take great learning to know the reasons and accounts behind them, and what events gave rise to each of these names.”
Then Har says: “It takes great understanding to recount that in detail. But the briefest explanation to give you is that most names have been given because, as many languages as there are in the world, all peoples feel the need to adapt his name to their own tongue for their invocations and prayers. But some events that gave rise to these names occurred on his journeys, and these have been set down in stories. You will not be able to call yourself a learned man unless you can tell of those great events.”
Then Gangleri said: “What are the names of the other Aesir, what do they occupy themselves with, and what have they done to win renown?”
Har says: “Thor is foremost among them, he who is called Asa-Thor or Driving-Thor. He is the strongest of all gods and men. He rules the realm called Thrudvangar, and his hall is called Bilskirnir. In that hall are five hundred and forty rooms. It is the largest house known to people. As it says in Grimnir’s Sayings:
Five hundred rooms
and forty more,
so I reckon Bilskirnir with its winding ways;
of all the houses
I know to be roofed,
my son’s I know to be greatest.
Thor has two goats, whose names are Tanngnjost and Tanngrisnir, and a chariot in which he drives, and the goats draw the chariot. That is why he is called Driving-Thor. He also has three treasures. One of them is the hammer Mjolnir, which frost giants and mountain giants recognize when it is raised aloft, and that is no wonder. It has crushed many a skull among their fathers and kinsmen. He has another excellent treasure, his belt of strength, and when he buckles it around himself, his divine strength increases by half. The third thing he owns is also of great value: his iron gloves. He cannot do without them when gripping the hammer’s shaft. But no one is so learned that he can recount all Thor’s great deeds. Yet I can tell you so many stories about him that many hours will pass before everything I know has been told.”
Then Gangleri said: “I would like to hear tidings of more of the Aesir.”
Har says: “Another son of Odin is Baldr, and good things are to be told of him. He is the best, and everyone praises him. He is so fair in appearance and so bright that light shines from him, and there is a plant so white that it is likened to Baldr’s eyelashes. It is the whitest of all plants, and from this you may judge the beauty of both his hair and his body. He is the wisest of the Aesir, the fairest-spoken, and the most merciful, but it is his nature that none of his judgments can hold good. He dwells in the place called Breidablik. It is in heaven. Nothing unclean may be in that place, as it says here:
Breidablik it is called,
where Baldr has
built himself halls,
in that land
where I know there lie
the fewest baleful things.
The third god is the one called Njord. He dwells in heaven, in the place called Noatun. He rules the course of the wind and calms sea and fire. He should be invoked for seafaring and for fishing and hunting. He is so rich and prosperous that he can grant people wealth in lands or movable goods. He should be invoked for this. Njord is not of the lineage of the Aesir. He was brought up in Vanaheim, but the Vanir gave him to the gods as a hostage and received in exchange as a hostage the one called Hoenir. He became a means of reconciliation between the gods and the Vanir.
Njord’s wife is called Skadi, the daughter of the giant Thjazi. Skadi wishes to have the dwelling her father owned, which is in certain mountains, in the place called Thrymheim, but Njord wishes to be near the sea. They agreed that they should stay nine nights in Thrymheim and then another nine at Noatun. But when Njord came back to Noatun from the mountain, he spoke this verse:
Hateful to me are the mountains;
I was not there long,
only nine nights;
the howling of wolves
seemed ugly to me
beside the singing of swans.
Then Skadi spoke this verse:
I could not sleep
in the beds by the sea
for the bird’s crying;
it wakes me,
coming from the sea,
each morning, the gull.
Then Skadi went up into the mountains and settled in Thrymheim, and she often travels on skis and carries a bow and shoots wild animals. She is called the ski god or the ski goddess. As it is said:
Thrymheim it is called,
where Thjazi lived,
that most mighty giant;
but now Skadi dwells,
the bright bride of the gods,
on her father’s ancient homestead.
Njord in Noatun later fathered two children. One was called Frey, and the daughter Freyja. They were beautiful to look at and powerful. Frey is the most renowned of the Aesir. He rules over rain and sunshine, and thereby the earth's produce, and it is good to call upon him for fruitful seasons and peace. He also rules over people's prosperity. Freyja is the most renowned of the goddesses. She has a dwelling in heaven called Folkvang. Whenever she rides into battle, she has half the slain, and Odin half, as it says here:
Folkvang it is called,
and there Freyja decides
the choice of seats in the hall;
half the slain
she chooses each day,
and Odin has half.
Her hall, Sessrumnir, is large and beautiful. When she travels, she drives two cats and sits in a chariot. She is most ready to hear those who call upon her, and from her name comes the title of honour by which women of rank are called ladies. She was very fond of love poetry. It is good to call upon her in matters of love."
Then Gangleri said: "These Aesir seem very mighty to me, and it is no wonder that great power attends you, since you know the nature of the gods and know to whom each prayer should be addressed. Are there still more gods?"
Har said: "There is another of the Aesir called Tyr. He is the boldest and most courageous, and he has great power over victory in battles. It is good for valiant men to call upon him. It is a saying that a man is brave as Tyr when he surpasses other men and holds nothing back. He was also wise, so that a man who is wisest is said to be wise as Tyr. Here is one sign of his boldness: when the Aesir enticed the wolf Fenrir into letting them put the fetter Gleipnir on him, he did not trust them to release him until they placed Tyr's hand in his mouth as a pledge. When the Aesir would not release him, he bit the hand off at the place now called the wolf-joint. Tyr is therefore one-handed, and he is not called a reconciler of men.
One is called Bragi. He is renowned for wisdom, and above all for eloquence and skill with words. He knows most about poetry, and after him poetry is called bragr. From his name, too, a man or woman whose eloquence surpasses that of others is called the bragr of men or women. His wife is Idunn. In her wooden box she keeps the apples that the gods must bite into when they grow old, and then they all become young. So it will be until Ragnarok."
Then Gangleri said: "It seems to me that the gods have a great deal resting on Idunn's care and faithfulness."
Then Har said with a laugh: "That nearly brought disaster once. I shall be able to tell you about it, but first you must hear more names of the Aesir.
One is called Heimdall. He is called the white god. He is great and holy. Nine maidens bore him as their son, and they were all sisters. He is also called Hallinskidi and Gullintanni. His teeth were of gold. His horse is called Gulltopp. He lives at the place called Himinbjorg, beside Bifrost. He is the gods' watchman and sits there at heaven's edge to guard the bridge against the mountain giants. He needs less sleep than a bird. He can see a hundred leagues away, as well by night as by day. He can also hear grass growing on the earth and wool on sheep, and everything that makes a louder sound. He has the trumpet called Gjallarhorn, and its blast is heard throughout all worlds. Heimdall's sword is called a man's head. It is said here:
Himinbjorg it is called,
and there Heimdall
is said to rule the sanctuaries;
there the gods' watchman,
in his peaceful hall,
gladly drinks the good mead.
And he himself says in Heimdall's Chant:
I am the child of nine mothers,
I am the son of nine sisters.
One of the Aesir is called Hod. He is blind. He is very strong, but the gods would wish that there were no need to name this god, for his handiwork will long be remembered among gods and men.
One is called Vidar, the silent god. He has a thick shoe. He is almost as strong as Thor. The gods place great trust in him in every trial.
One is called Ali or Vali, the son of Odin and Rind. He is bold in battle and very fortunate in his shooting.
One is called Ull, the son of Sif and stepson of Thor. He is so good an archer and so skilled on skis that no one can compete with him. He is also handsome and has a warrior's accomplishments. It is also good to call upon him in single combat.
Forseti is the name of the son of Baldr and Nanna, Nep's daughter. He has the hall in heaven called Glitnir. All who come to him with difficult disputes leave reconciled. It is the best place of judgment among gods and men. It says here:
Glitnir is the hall's name;
it is supported by gold
and roofed with silver as well;
there Forseti
dwells most days
and settles every dispute.
There is another counted among the Aesir, whom some call the slanderer of the Aesir, the originator of deceits, and the disgrace of all gods and men. He is named Loki or Lopt, the son of the giant Farbauti. His mother is called Laufey or Nal. His brothers are Byleist and Helblindi. Loki is handsome and beautiful to look at, evil in disposition, and very changeable in his ways. He had more of the wisdom called cunning than other men, and tricks for every purpose. He was always getting the Aesir into serious trouble, and often freed them through his schemes. His wife is called Sigyn, and their son Nari or Narvi.
Loki had still more children. There was a giantess in Jotunheim called Angrboda. With her Loki fathered three children. One was the wolf Fenrir, the second Jormungand, who is the Midgard Serpent, and the third Hel. When the gods learned that these three siblings were being brought up in Jotunheim, and traced through prophecies that great harm and misfortune would come to them from these siblings, they all thought much evil was to be expected, first because of their mother's ancestry, and still worse because of their father's. Then Allfather sent the gods to seize the children and bring them to him. When they came to him, he threw the serpent into the deep sea that surrounds all lands. That serpent grew so large that he lies in the midst of the ocean encircling all lands and bites his own tail.
He threw Hel into Niflheim and gave her authority over nine worlds, so that she should assign lodgings to all who were sent to her, namely those who die of sickness or old age. She has great dwellings there, and her enclosing walls are exceedingly high and her gates large. Her hall is called Eljudnir, her dish Hunger, her knife Famine, her manservant Ganglati, her maidservant Ganglot, her threshold over which one enters Stumbling Pit, her bed Sickbed, and her bed hangings Gleaming Misfortune. She is half blue-black and half flesh-coloured. By this she is easily recognized, and she looks rather downcast and grim.
The Aesir brought the wolf up at home, and Tyr alone had the courage to go to him and give him food. But when the gods saw how much he grew each day, and all prophecies said that he was destined to harm them, the Aesir devised a plan: they made a very strong fetter, which they called Laeding, and brought it to the wolf and asked him to try his strength against it. The wolf thought this was no match for his strength and let them do as they wished. But the first time the wolf strained against it, the fetter broke. Thus he freed himself from Laeding.
Next the Aesir made another fetter, twice as strong, which they called Dromi. Again they asked the wolf to try this fetter, saying that he would become very renowned for his strength if such massive workmanship could not hold him. The wolf reflected that this fetter was very strong, but also that his strength had increased since he broke Laeding. It occurred to him that he would have to take risks if he was to become famous, and he let them put the fetter on him. When the Aesir declared themselves ready, the wolf shook himself, struck the fetter against the ground, strained hard, and kicked against it, breaking the fetter so that its fragments flew far away. Thus he burst out of Dromi. Since then it has been a saying that someone frees himself from Laeding or bursts out of Dromi when something is pursued with great effort.
After that the Aesir feared that they would not be able to bind the wolf. Then Allfather sent the one named Skirnir, Frey's messenger, down into Svartalfheim to some dwarfs, and had them make the fetter called Gleipnir. It was made of six things: the sound of a cat's footfall, a woman's beard, a mountain's roots, a bear's sinews, a fish's breath, and a bird's spittle. And although you have not heard these things before, you can now readily find clear evidence that you are not being lied to. You must have seen that a woman has no beard, that a running cat makes no sound, and that there are no roots beneath a mountain. And on my faith, everything I have told you is equally true, though there are some things you cannot put to the test."
Then Gangleri said: "I can certainly understand that this is true. I can see these things you have now given as examples. But how was the fetter fashioned?"
Har said: "I can readily tell you that. The fetter was smooth and soft as a strip of silk, but as firm and strong as you are now about to hear. When the fetter was brought to the Aesir, they thanked the messenger warmly for carrying out his errand. Then the Aesir went out onto the lake called Amsvartnir, to the islet called Lyngvi, and called the wolf to come with them. They showed him the silken band and asked him to break it, saying that it was somewhat stronger than its thickness might suggest. Each passed it to the next and tested it with the strength of his hands, and it did not break. Even so, they said the wolf would be able to break it.
Then the wolf answered: 'It seems to me that I shall gain no fame from this ribbon, even if I break such a slender band apart. But if it has been made with craft and deceit, though it looks slight, that band shall not go on my legs.'
Then the Aesir said that he would quickly break a slender silken band, since he had previously broken great iron fetters. 'But if you cannot break this band, then you will be unable to frighten the gods. We shall then release you.'
The wolf said: 'If you bind me so that I cannot free myself, you will play such tricks that it will be a long time before I get help from you. I am unwilling to let this band be put on me, but rather than have you question my courage, let one of you put his hand in my mouth as a pledge that this is done without deceit.'
Each of the Aesir looked at the others, and now they felt they faced a double difficulty. None was willing to offer his hand until Tyr held out his right hand and placed it in the wolf's mouth. When the wolf strained against it, the band tightened, and the harder he struggled, the more tightly the band cut into him. Then they all laughed except Tyr. He lost his hand.
When the Aesir saw that the wolf was securely bound, they took the cord attached to the fetter, called Gelgja, and drew it through a great stone slab called Gjoll, and fixed the slab deep down in the earth. Then they took a great stone and drove it still farther into the earth. That stone is called Thviti, and they used it as an anchoring peg. The wolf gaped fiercely and struggled violently, wanting to bite them. They thrust a sword into his mouth. Its hilt rests against his lower jaw and its point against his upper jaw. It is the prop that holds his jaws apart. He howls terribly, and drool runs from his mouth. This is the river called Van. There he lies until Ragnarok."
Then Gangleri said: "Loki fathered an extraordinarily evil brood, but all these siblings are mighty in their own right. Why did the Aesir not kill the wolf, when they expect evil from him?"
Har answered: "The gods held their sanctuaries and places of peace in such reverence that they would not defile them with the wolf's blood, though the prophecies say that he will be Odin's death."
Then Gangleri said: “Who are the goddesses?”
Har says: “Frigg is foremost. She owns the dwelling called Fensalir, and it is very splendid. The second is Saga. She lives at Sokkvabekk, and that is a great place. The third is Eir. She is the best physician. The fourth is Gefjon. She is a virgin, and those who die as virgins serve her. The fifth is Fulla. She too is a virgin and wears her hair loose, with a gold band around her head. She carries Frigg’s casket, looks after her footwear, and shares her secret counsels.
“Freyja ranks highest alongside Frigg. She married a man called Od. Their daughter is Hnoss. She is so beautiful that things which are beautiful and precious are called hnossir after her name. Od went away on long journeys, and Freyja weeps for him, and her tears are red gold. Freyja has many names, because she gave herself various names when she travelled among unfamiliar peoples in search of Od. She is called Mardoll and Horn, Gefn, Syr. Freyja owned Brisingamen. She is also called Vanadis.
“The seventh is Sjofn. She takes great care to turn people’s hearts to love, both women’s and men’s, and from her name love is called sjafni. The eighth is Lofn. She is so gentle and so gracious to those who invoke her that she obtains permission from Allfather or Frigg for women and men to come together, even if this was previously forbidden or flatly refused. From her name comes the word lof, ‘permission’, and also the fact that she is much praised by people. The ninth is Var. She listens to people’s oaths and the private agreements women and men make with one another. For this reason such agreements are called varar. She also takes vengeance on those who break them. The tenth is Vor. She is wise and inquisitive, so that nothing can be hidden from her. It is a saying that a woman becomes vor, ‘aware’, of something when she learns of it.
“The eleventh is Syn. She guards the doors of the hall and shuts them against those who must not enter. She is also appointed to defend at assemblies those cases which she wishes to refute. Hence the saying that syn, ‘denial’, is brought forward when someone denies something. The twelfth is Hlin. She is appointed to watch over those whom Frigg wishes to save from some danger. Hence the saying that someone who finds refuge hleinir. The thirteenth is Snotra. She is wise and gracious in manner. From her name, a woman or man who is restrained in conduct is called snotr. The fourteenth is Gna. Frigg sends her into various worlds on her errands. She has a horse that runs through air and over water, called Hofvarpnir. Once, when she was riding, some Vanir saw her riding through the air. Then one said:
‘What flies there,
what travels there,
or glides through the air?’
“She answers:
‘I do not fly,
though I travel
and glide through the air
on Hofvarpnir,
whom Hamskerpir
sired on Gardrofa.’
“From Gna’s name, something that rises high is said to gnæfa. Sol and Bil are counted among the goddesses, but their nature has been described before.”
“There are still others whose task is to serve in Valhalla, bringing drink and looking after the tableware and drinking vessels. They are named as follows in Grimnismal:
‘Hrist and Mist
I wish to bring me a horn,
Skeggjold and Skogul,
Hild and Thrud,
Hlokk and Herfjotur,
Goll and Geirahod,
Randgrid and Radgrid,
and Reginleif;
they bring ale to the Einherjar.’
“These are called Valkyries. Odin sends them to every battle. They choose which men are to die and determine victory. Gunn and Rota and the youngest of the Norns, called Skuld, always ride out to choose the slain and determine the killings. Jord, Thor’s mother, and Rind, Vali’s mother, are counted among the goddesses.”
“There was a man called Gymir, and his wife was Aurboda. She was of the race of mountain giants. Their daughter is Gerd, who was the most beautiful of all women. One day Frey had gone into Hlidskjalf and was looking out over all the worlds. When he looked north, he saw a great and beautiful house on a certain estate. A woman was walking towards that house, and when she raised her arms and opened the door before her, light shone from her arms over both air and sea, and all the worlds were lit up by her. His great presumption in sitting in that holy seat was thus punished: he went away full of sorrow. When he came home, he said nothing. He did not sleep; he did not drink. Nor did anyone dare to ask him to speak.
“Then Njord had Skirnir, Frey’s attendant, summoned to him and told him to go to Frey, ask him to speak, and find out with whom he was so angry that he would speak to no one. Skirnir said he would go, though unwillingly, and said that he expected harsh answers from him. When he came to Frey, he asked why Frey was so downcast and would speak to no one. Then Frey answered and said that he had seen a beautiful woman, and on her account he was so sorrowful that he would not live long if he could not have her—‘and now you must go and ask for her hand on my behalf and bring her home here, whether her father wishes it or not, and I will reward you well for it.’
“Then Skirnir answered, saying that he would undertake the errand, but Frey must give him his sword. It was such a good sword that it fought by itself. Frey did not let this stand in the way and gave him the sword. Then Skirnir went and asked for the woman’s hand on his behalf and obtained her promise. Nine nights later she was to come to the place called Barrey and there enter into marriage with Frey. When Skirnir told Frey the outcome of his errand, Frey spoke this verse:
‘Long is one night,
long is a second;
how can I endure three?
Often a month
has seemed shorter to me
than this half-night of waiting.’
“This is why Frey was so unarmed when he fought Beli and killed him with a stag’s antler.”
Then Gangleri said: “It is a great wonder that such a lord as Frey should be willing to give away a sword when he had no other equally good. That was a tremendous disadvantage to him when he fought the one called Beli. On my faith, I know he must then have regretted that gift.”
Then Har answers: “It mattered little when he and Beli met. Frey could have killed him with his bare hand. A time will come when Frey will feel the loss of his sword more keenly, when the sons of Muspell come raiding.”
Then Gangleri said: “You say that all those men who have fallen in battle since the beginning of the world have now come to Odin in Valhalla. What does he have to give them for food? I would have thought there must be a very great multitude there.”
Then Har answers: “What you say is true: there is a very great multitude there. But there will be many more yet, and even so they will seem too few when the wolf comes. Yet there is never so great a throng in Valhalla that the meat of the boar called Saehrimnir cannot suffice for them. He is boiled every day and whole again by evening. But as for the question you now ask, I think it likely that few are wise enough to give a true account of this. The cook is called Andhrimnir, and the cauldron Eldhrimnir. As it is said here:
‘Andhrimnir
has Saehrimnir
boiled in Eldhrimnir,
the best of meats;
but few know
on what the Einherjar feed.’”
Then Gangleri said: “Does Odin have the same fare as the Einherjar?”
Har says: “The food set on his table he gives to two wolves he owns, called Geri and Freki. He needs no food: wine is both drink and food to him. As it says here:
‘Geri and Freki
are fed by the battle-seasoned,
glorious Father of Hosts;
but on wine alone
Odin, splendid in arms,
lives forever.
“Two ravens sit on his shoulders and tell into his ears all the news they see or hear. They are called Huginn and Munin. At dawn he sends them to fly over the whole world, and they return at the time of the morning meal. From this he learns much news. For this reason people call him the Raven God, as it is said:
‘Huginn and Munin
fly every day
over the vast earth;
I fear for Huginn,
that he may not return,
yet I fear more for Munin.’”
Then Gangleri said: “What do the Einherjar have to drink that lasts them as plentifully as their food, or is water drunk there?”
Then Har says: “That is a strange question you ask now, whether Allfather would invite kings or earls or other mighty men to his home and give them water to drink. And on my faith, I know that many a man comes to Valhalla who would think he had paid dearly for his drink of water, if there were no better welcome to be found there, after enduring wounds and agony until his death. I can tell you something different about it. A goat called Heidrun stands on top of Valhalla and browses on the foliage of the branches of that very famous tree called Laerad. From her teats flows mead with which she fills a vat every day. There is so much that all the Einherjar can drink their fill.”
Then Gangleri said: “That is an exceedingly useful goat for them. It must be an exceptionally good tree that she browses on.”
Then Har said: “Still more remarkable is the stag Eikthyrnir, who stands on Valhalla and browses on the branches of that tree. From his antlers drips so much liquid that it flows down into Hvergelmir, and from there flow the rivers called Sid, Vid, Saekin, Ekin, Svol, Gunnthro, Fjorm, Fimbulthul, Gipul, Gopul, Gomul, Geirvimul. These flow through the dwellings of the Aesir. These others are also named: Thyn, Vin, Tholl, Holl, Grad, Gunnthrain, Nyt, Not, Nonn, Hronn, Vina, Vegsvinn, Thjodnuma.”
Then Gangleri said: “These are marvellous things you have just told me. Valhalla must be an enormous house. There must often be a great crush at its doors.”
Then Har answers: “Why do you not ask how many doors the hall has, or how large they are? If you hear that told, you will say that it would be a wonder if everyone who wished could not go in and out. But it can truly be said that there is no less room to take one’s place inside than to enter it. Here you may hear it in Grimnismal:
‘Five hundred doors
and forty more,
I believe there are in Valhalla;
eight hundred Einherjar
go out at once through a single doorway
when they go to fight the wolf.’”
Then Gangleri said: “There is a very great multitude in Valhalla. On my faith, Odin is a very great chieftain, ruling so vast an army. But how do the Einherjar amuse themselves when they are not drinking?”
Har said: “Every day, when they have dressed, they put on their armour and go out into the courtyard and fight, each striking the other down. That is their sport. And when the time for the morning meal draws near, they ride home to Valhalla and sit down to drink, as it says here:
All the Einherjar
in Odin’s fields
strike one another every day;
they choose the slain
and ride from battle,
then sit together reconciled.
“But what you said is true. Odin is mighty indeed. There are many examples of this. So it is said here in the words of the Aesir themselves:
Yggdrasil’s ash,
it is the foremost of trees,
and Skidbladnir of ships,
Odin of the Aesir,
and Sleipnir of horses,
Bifrost of bridges,
and Bragi of poets,
Habrok of hawks,
and Garm of dogs.”
Then Gangleri said: “Who owns that horse, Sleipnir, and what is there to tell about him?”
Har said: “You know nothing of Sleipnir, nor do you know the events that brought him into being, but you will think them worth telling. It was early in the first days of the gods’ settlement, when the gods had established Midgard and built Valhalla, that a certain builder came there and offered to build them a stronghold in three half-years, so sound that it would be secure and safe against mountain giants and frost giants, even if they made their way into Midgard. But as his payment he stipulated that he should have Freyja, and he also wanted the sun and moon.
“Then the Aesir went into discussion and took counsel, and this bargain was made with the builder: he should have what he asked for if he could finish the stronghold in one winter, but if any part of it remained unfinished on the first day of summer, he would forfeit his payment. He was to accept no man’s help with the work. When they told him these terms, he asked them to allow him the help of his horse, which was called Svadilfari, and it was Loki who advised that this concession be made to him.
“He began building the stronghold on the first day of winter, and at night he hauled stone with the horse. The Aesir thought it a great marvel how huge the rocks were that this horse hauled, and the horse did half as much heavy work again as the builder. Their bargain had been made before reliable witnesses and confirmed with many solemn oaths, for the giant thought it unsafe to be among the Aesir without a pledge of peace if Thor should come home. At that time Thor had gone east to fight trolls.
“As the winter passed, the building of the stronghold advanced rapidly, and it was so high and strong that it could not be stormed. When three days remained before summer, the gateway was nearly finished. Then the gods sat down on their judgment seats and sought counsel, asking one another who had advised giving Freyja in marriage in Jotunheim, or so ruining the sky and heavens as to take the sun and moon from them and give them to the giants. They all agreed that the one who must have advised this was he who advises most evil things, Loki, Laufey’s son. They declared that he deserved a terrible death unless he could find some way for the builder to forfeit his payment, and they threatened Loki with violence. When he grew frightened, he swore oaths that he would arrange for the builder to lose his payment, whatever it cost him.
“That same evening, when the builder drove out to fetch stone with the horse Svadilfari, a mare ran out of a forest towards the horse and neighed at him. When the horse realized what sort of horse this was, he went wild, snapped his ropes and ran towards the mare. She fled into the forest, and the builder followed, trying to catch the horse. These horses ran about all night, and the work was held up that night; the following day, too, less was built than before.
“When the builder saw that the work would not be finished, he flew into a giant’s rage. When the Aesir knew for certain that a mountain giant had come among them, the oaths were no longer respected. They called on Thor, and he came at once, and immediately afterwards the hammer Mjolnir was raised aloft. He paid the builder his wages then, with neither sun nor moon: instead he denied him any further dwelling in Jotunheim, striking the first blow so that his skull shattered into tiny fragments, and sending him down beneath Niflheim.
“But Loki had had such dealings with Svadilfari that some time later he bore a foal. It was grey and had eight legs, and that horse is the best among gods and men. As it says in the Seeress’s Prophecy:
Then all the powers went
to their judgment seats,
the most holy gods,
and considered this:
who had mingled all the sky
with treachery,
or given Od’s bride
to the giant race.
Oaths were broken,
pledges and solemn vows,
all the binding agreements
that had passed between them;
Thor alone struck there,
swollen with rage;
he seldom sits still
when he hears of such things.”
Then Gangleri said: “What is there to tell about Skidbladnir, since it is the best of ships? Is no ship as large as it?”
Har said: “Skidbladnir is the best of ships and made with the greatest craftsmanship, but Naglfar is the largest ship. It belongs to Muspell. Certain dwarfs, the sons of Ivaldi, made Skidbladnir and gave the ship to Frey. It is so large that all the Aesir can board it with their weapons and war gear, and as soon as its sail is raised it has a favourable wind, wherever it is to go. When it is not to be taken to sea, it is made of so many parts and with such skill that it can be folded up like a cloth and kept in one’s pouch.”
Then Gangleri said: “Skidbladnir is a fine ship, but a great deal of magic must have been used before such a thing could be made. Has Thor never travelled anywhere and encountered something so mighty or powerful that it proved too much for him through strength or magic?”
Then Har said: “Few people, I imagine, can tell of that, though many things have seemed difficult to him. But even if something has been so powerful or strong that Thor could gain no victory over it, there is no need to tell of it, for there are many examples showing that Thor is the mightiest, and everyone is bound to believe it.”
Then Gangleri said: “It seems to me that I must have asked you about something no one is capable of recounting.”
Then Jafnhar said: “We have heard accounts of events that seem to us unlikely to be true. But someone sitting close by here will know how to give a true account, and you may believe that he will not lie now for the first time, having never lied before.”
Then Gangleri said: “I will stand here and listen, if any answer can be found to this question. Otherwise I declare you defeated, if you cannot tell me what I ask.”
Then Thridi said: “It is plain now that he wants to know these events, though we take no pleasure in telling them. This tale begins when Thor the Charioteer set out driving his goats, and with him went the god called Loki. In the evening they came to a farmer’s house and found lodging there for the night. That evening Thor took his goats and slaughtered them both. Afterwards they were flayed and put into a kettle. When the meat was cooked, Thor and his companions sat down to supper. Thor invited the farmer, his wife and their children to eat with him. The farmer’s son was called Thjalfi, and his daughter Roskva.
“Then Thor laid the goatskins away from the fire and said that the farmer and his household should throw the bones onto the goatskins. Thjalfi, the farmer’s son, took hold of a goat’s thighbone, split it with his knife and broke it open for the marrow. Thor stayed there that night. In the early hours before dawn he got up and dressed, took the hammer Mjolnir, raised it and hallowed the goatskins. Then the goats stood up, but one was lame in a hind leg. Thor noticed this and said that the farmer or someone in his household must have handled the goat’s bones carelessly. He found that the thighbone was broken.
“There is no need to dwell on this. Everyone can imagine how frightened the farmer must have been when he saw Thor lower his brows over his eyes; from what he could see of the eyes themselves, he thought he would fall dead at their gaze alone. Thor tightened his hands around the hammer’s shaft until his knuckles turned white. The farmer and his whole household did what was to be expected: they cried out desperately, begged to be spared, and offered everything they owned as compensation. When he saw their terror, his rage left him, and he grew calm. He accepted their children, Thjalfi and Roskva, from them in settlement, and they became his bound servants and have followed him ever since.
He left the goats there and began his journey east into Jotunheim, all the way to the sea, and then crossed that deep sea. When he reached land, he went ashore, and with him Loki, Thjalfi and Roskva. When they had walked a little while, they came upon a great forest. They walked all that day until dark. Thjalfi was the swiftest runner of all men. He carried Thor’s provision bag, but food was scarce.
When darkness had fallen, they looked for somewhere to spend the night and came upon an enormous hall. The doorway was at one end and as wide as the hall itself. There they sought a night’s lodging. But around midnight there was a great earthquake. The ground jolted beneath them and the building shook. Then Thor got up and called to his companions. They felt their way about and found a side chamber on the right, halfway along the hall, and went into it. Thor sat in the doorway, while the others stayed farther inside, behind him, and were frightened. Thor gripped the hammer’s shaft, ready to defend himself. Then they heard a great rumbling and roaring.
At daybreak Thor went outside and saw a man lying in the forest a short distance away, and he was no small man. He was asleep and snoring loudly. Then Thor thought he understood what had made the noise during the night. He fastened his belt of strength around himself, and his divine strength increased. Just then the man awoke and quickly stood up, and it is said that for once Thor hesitated to strike him with the hammer, and asked his name. He said his name was Skrymir.
“But I have no need,” he said, “to ask your name. I recognize that you are Thor of the Aesir. But have you dragged my glove away?”
Then Skrymir reached out and picked up the glove. Thor saw that this was what he had taken for a hall during the night, and the side chamber was the thumb of the glove.
Skrymir asked whether Thor would like his company on the journey, and Thor agreed. Then Skrymir untied his provision bag and prepared to eat his morning meal, while Thor and his companions ate elsewhere. Skrymir then suggested that they pool their provisions, and Thor agreed. So Skrymir tied all their provisions into one bag and put it on his back. He walked ahead during the day, taking rather long strides, and late in the evening Skrymir found them a place to sleep beneath a great oak. Then Skrymir told Thor that he wanted to lie down to sleep.
“But you take the provision bag and prepare your supper.”
Immediately afterwards Skrymir fell asleep and snored loudly. Thor took the provision bag and tried to untie it, but, incredible as it may seem, he could undo no knot and move no strap-end so that it was any looser than before. When he saw that this effort was getting him nowhere, he grew angry, seized the hammer Mjolnir in both hands, stepped forward with one foot towards where Skrymir lay, and struck him on the head. But Skrymir awoke and asked whether a leaf had fallen onto his head, or whether they had eaten and were ready for bed. Thor said they were just going to sleep. They then went beneath another oak. To tell you the truth, they did not sleep without fear.
At midnight Thor heard Skrymir snoring and sleeping so soundly that the forest resounded. Then he got up and went over to him, swung the hammer swiftly and fiercely, and struck him squarely on the crown of his head. He felt the face of the hammer sink deep into the head. But at that moment Skrymir awoke and said: “What is it now? Did an acorn fall onto my head, or what is happening with you, Thor?”
Thor quickly stepped back and replied that he had just woken up. He said it was midnight and there was still time to sleep. Then Thor thought that if he got the chance to strike him a third blow, Skrymir should never see him again. He now lay watching to see whether Skrymir fell soundly asleep once more.
A little before dawn he heard that Skrymir must have fallen asleep. Then he got up and rushed over to him, swung the hammer with all his strength, and struck the temple that faced upwards. The hammer sank in up to its shaft. But Skrymir sat up, stroked his cheek and said: “Could there be some birds sitting in the tree above me? When I awoke, I had the feeling that some debris from the twigs had fallen onto my head. Are you awake, Thor? It must be time to get up and dress. You have no long journey ahead of you now to the stronghold called Utgard. I have heard you whispering among yourselves that I was no small man in stature, but you will see larger men there if you come to Utgard.
“Now I will give you some good advice. Do not act too grandly. Utgard-Loki’s retainers will hardly tolerate boastful talk from such little fellows. Otherwise, turn back, and I think that is the better course for you to take. But if you wish to go on, make your way east, while my road now lies north to those mountains you can see.”
Skrymir took the provision bag, threw it onto his back and turned away from them into the forest. There is no mention of the Aesir wishing him a happy reunion.
Thor and his companions continued on their way and walked until midday. Then they saw a stronghold standing on some plains, and they had to tilt their heads back against their backs before they could see over its top. They went up to the stronghold, and there was a barred gate across the entrance, shut fast. Thor went up to the gate and could not open it, but as they struggled to get into the stronghold, they squeezed between the bars and so got inside. They then saw a great hall and went towards it. The door was open. They went in and saw many men sitting along two benches, most of them exceedingly large. Next they came before King Utgard-Loki and greeted him, but he was slow to look at them, and he bared his teeth in a grin and said:
“News takes a long time to travel a long way. Or am I mistaken—is this little fellow Driving-Thor? Still, you must be greater than you look to me. What feats do you and your companions consider yourselves ready to perform? No one may stay here with us unless he has some skill or accomplishment beyond that of most men.”
Then the one who had come in last, whose name was Loki, said: “I have a skill I am quite ready to put to the test: there is no one in here who can eat his food faster than I can.”
Utgard-Loki answered: “That is a skill, if you can make good on it, and we shall put this skill to the test.” He called down the bench that the one named Logi should come out onto the floor and compete against Loki. A trough was brought onto the hall floor and filled with meat. Loki sat down at one end and Logi at the other, and each ate as fast as he could until they met in the middle of the trough. Loki had eaten all the meat off the bones, but Logi had eaten all the meat and the bones as well, and also the trough. It now seemed clear to everyone that Loki had lost the contest.
Then Utgard-Loki asked what feats the young man could perform, and Thjalfi said that he would try running a few races against anyone Utgard-Loki chose. Utgard-Loki said that this was a fine skill, and that there was all the more reason to hope he was well endowed with speed if he was to accomplish this feat. Nevertheless, he would soon have it put to the test. Utgard-Loki stood up and went outside, where there was a good course for running across a level plain. He called over a young fellow named Hugi and told him to race against Thjalfi. They ran the first race, and Hugi was so far ahead that he turned back to meet Thjalfi at the end of the course.
Then Utgard-Loki said: “You will have to exert yourself more, Thjalfi, if you are to win the contest. Still, it is true that no men have come here whom I consider swifter on their feet than you.”
They ran a second race, and when Hugi reached the end of the course and turned back, Thjalfi was a long bowshot away.
Then Utgard-Loki said: “I think Thjalfi runs well, but I do not now believe he will win the contest. Still, we shall see when they run the third race.”
They ran again, but when Hugi reached the end of the course and turned back, Thjalfi had not yet reached the halfway point. Then everyone said that this contest was decided.
Utgard-Loki then asked Thor which of his feats he would wish to display before them, since people had told such great tales of his mighty deeds. Thor said that he would most like to take on someone in a drinking contest. Utgard-Loki said that this could easily be arranged, and he went into the hall and called his cupbearer, telling him to fetch the penalty horn from which the members of his household were accustomed to drink. The cupbearer came forward with the horn and placed it in Thor’s hand.
Then Utgard-Loki said: “It is considered good drinking to empty this horn in a single draught. Some men empty it in two, but no one is so poor a drinker that he cannot empty it in three.”
Thor looked at the horn, and it did not seem large to him, though it was rather long. He was very thirsty, and he began to drink, swallowing in great gulps and thinking that he would not need to bend to the horn again. But when his breath ran out and he lifted his head from the horn and looked to see how his drinking had gone, it seemed to him that there could be very little difference between the level in the horn now and what it had been before.
Then Utgard-Loki said: “Well drunk, though not very much. If I had been told that Thor of the Aesir would drink no more than that, I would not have believed it. Still, I know that you will want to empty it in a second draught.”
Thor made no answer. He put the horn to his mouth, intending now to take a greater draught, and strained at his drinking as long as his breath lasted. Yet he still found that the tip of the horn would not rise as high as he wished. When he took the horn from his mouth and looked into it, it seemed to him that he had lowered the level less than the first time. There was now enough space below the rim to carry the horn without spilling.
Then Utgard-Loki said: “What is this, Thor? Are you holding back more for a single draught than will be to your advantage? It seems to me that if you are now to empty the horn at the third draught, this will have to be reckoned the greatest. But you will not be entitled here among us to be called as great a man as the Aesir call you, unless you achieve more in other contests than it seems to me you will in this one.”
Then Thor grew angry. He put the horn to his mouth and drank as fiercely as he could, straining at the draught with all his might. When he looked into the horn, there was now at last some noticeable difference. He handed the horn back and would drink no more.
Then Utgard-Loki said: “It is clear now that your might is not as great as we thought. But would you like to try more contests? We can see that you will gain nothing from this one.”
Thor answered: “I can still try a few more contests, though when I was at home among the Aesir I would have thought it strange if draughts like these were called so small. But what contest will you offer me now?”
Then Utgard-Loki said: “Young boys here do something that will seem of little account: they lift my cat off the ground. I would never have thought of suggesting such a thing to Thor of the Aesir if I had not already seen that you are much less capable than I thought.”
A grey cat, rather large, then bounded out onto the hall floor. Thor went up to it, put his hand beneath the middle of its belly, and lifted. But the cat arched its back as Thor raised his hand. When Thor reached up as high as he possibly could, the cat lifted one foot, and Thor could accomplish no more in this contest.
Then Utgard-Loki said: “This contest has gone as I expected. The cat is rather large, while Thor is short and small beside the great men who are here with us.”
Then Thor said: “Small as you call me, let someone come forward now and wrestle with me! Now I am angry.”
Utgard-Loki answered, looking along the benches: “I see no man in here who would not consider wrestling with you beneath him.” Then he added: “Let us see first. Call my old foster-mother Elli here, and let Thor wrestle with her if he wishes. She has thrown men who seemed to me no less strong than Thor.”
An old woman then came into the hall. Utgard-Loki said that she was to wrestle with Thor of the Aesir. There is no need to make a long story of it. The wrestling went in such a way that the harder Thor strained, the more firmly she stood. Then the old woman began to try her holds, and Thor grew unsteady on his feet. Their struggle was very fierce, and it was not long before Thor fell onto one knee. Utgard-Loki stepped forward and told them to stop wrestling, saying that Thor would have no need to challenge any more men in his household to wrestle. By then night was approaching. Utgard-Loki showed Thor and his companions to their seats, and they stayed there all night, generously entertained.
In the morning, as soon as day broke, Thor and his companions got up, dressed, and prepared to leave. Utgard-Loki came and had a table set for them. There was no lack of generous hospitality, food, or drink. When they had eaten, they set off on their journey. Utgard-Loki accompanied them outside and walked with them out of the stronghold. At their parting, Utgard-Loki spoke to Thor and asked how he thought his journey had turned out, and whether he had met anyone more powerful than himself. Thor said that he could not deny that he had suffered great disgrace in their dealings.
“But I know that you will consider me a man of little consequence, and that displeases me.”
Then Utgard-Loki said: “Now that you have come out of the stronghold, I shall tell you the truth: if I live and have my way, you will never enter it again. And on my faith, you would never have entered it at all if I had known beforehand that you had such strength in you, and that you would bring us so close to great disaster. But I have deceived your sight. The first time was in the forest, when I came to meet you. When you were to untie the food bag, I had bound it with iron wire, and you could not find where to undo it. After that you struck me three blows with your hammer. The first was the lightest, yet it was so great that it would have been enough to kill me if it had landed. But where you saw a flat-topped mountain beside my hall, and saw three square valleys cut into it, one the deepest, those were the marks of your hammer. I brought the mountain in front of the blows, but you did not see that.
“So it was also with the contests you fought against my household. First there was the one Loki undertook. He was very hungry and ate quickly, but the one called Logi was wildfire, and he burned up the trough no less quickly than the meat. And when Thjalfi raced against the one called Hugi, that was my thought, and Thjalfi could hardly hope to compete with him in speed.
“And when you drank from the horn and thought you were making little headway—on my faith, a marvel happened then which I would not have believed possible. The other end of the horn was out in the sea, but you did not see that. Now, when you reach the sea, you will be able to see how much you have lowered it by your drinking. That is now called the ebb.”
He went on: “I thought it no less remarkable when you lifted the cat, and to tell you the truth, everyone who saw it was frightened when you lifted one of its feet off the ground. For that cat was not what it seemed to you. It was the Midgard Serpent, which lies around all lands, and it was scarcely long enough for its tail and head to touch the earth. You reached up so high that there was little distance left to heaven.
“And it was also a great marvel in the wrestling that you held out so long and fell no further than onto one knee when you wrestled with Elli. For no one has ever existed, and no one ever will, who, if he lives long enough to await old age, will not be brought down by it.
“And now, to tell you the truth, we shall part, and it will be better for both sides if you do not come to visit me again. Another time I shall defend my stronghold with tricks like these, or others, so that you will gain no power over me.”
When Thor heard this speech, he seized his hammer and raised it in the air, but as he was about to strike, Utgard-Loki was nowhere to be seen. He turned back towards the stronghold, intending to smash it. Then he saw broad and beautiful plains, but no stronghold. He turned back again and went on his way until he returned to Thrudvangar. But it must be said that he then resolved to seek an encounter with the Midgard Serpent, if he could bring one about, as later happened. Now I think no one can give you a truer account of this journey of Thor’s.”
Then Gangleri said: “Utgard-Loki is very powerful, but he relies heavily on tricks and magic. Yet it is clear that he is powerful, since he had retainers with such great strength. Has Thor never avenged this?”
Har answered: “It is well known, even among those who are not learned, that Thor made amends for the journey just described. He did not stay home long before preparing for another journey so hastily that he took neither his chariot nor his goats, nor any companions. He went out beyond Midgard in the guise of a young lad and arrived one evening, as night was falling, at the home of a giant named Hymir. Thor stayed there for the night.
“At dawn Hymir got up, dressed, and prepared to row out to sea to fish. Thor sprang up, quickly got ready, and asked Hymir to let him row out to sea with him. But Hymir said that he would be little help, being small and only a youngster—‘and you will get cold if I stay out as long and as far from shore as I usually do.’
“But Thor said that he could certainly row far from land, and that it was not certain which of them would first ask to row back. Thor grew so angry with the giant that he nearly let his hammer crash into him at once. But he let it pass, since he intended to try his strength elsewhere. He asked Hymir what they should use for bait, but Hymir told him to get his own bait.
“Then Thor went off to where he saw a herd of oxen belonging to Hymir. He took the largest ox, which was called Himinhrjod, tore off its head, and carried it down to the sea. Hymir had by then pushed the boat out. Thor went aboard, sat down in the bailing space, took two oars, and rowed. Hymir thought his rowing drove them along at a good pace. Hymir rowed forward in the bow, and they made rapid progress.
“Then Hymir said that they had reached the fishing grounds where he usually sat and caught flatfish, but Thor said that he wanted to row much farther, and they put in another vigorous stretch of rowing. Hymir then said that they had come so far out that it was dangerous to stay any farther out because of the Midgard Serpent. But Thor said that he would row a while longer, and so he did. Hymir was by then very unhappy.
“When Thor shipped his oars, he made ready a very strong fishing line, and the hook was no smaller or less formidable. Thor fixed the ox’s head to the hook and cast it overboard, and the hook went to the bottom. And in truth, Thor now deceived the Midgard Serpent no less than Utgard-Loki had mocked Thor when he lifted the serpent up in his hand.
“The Midgard Serpent opened its jaws over the ox’s head, and the hook struck into the roof of its mouth. When the serpent felt this, it jerked away so hard that both Thor’s fists slammed against the gunwale. Then Thor grew angry and summoned his divine strength, bracing himself so hard that both his feet went through the boat, and he planted them against the seabed. Then he pulled the serpent up to the gunwale. And it may be said that anyone who did not see Thor glaring at the serpent, while the serpent stared back at him from below and blew out venom, has never seen a truly terrible sight.
“It is said that the giant Hymir then changed colour, turned pale, and grew afraid when he saw the serpent and the sea pouring in and out over the boat. At the very moment when Thor seized his hammer and raised it, the giant fumbled for his bait knife and cut Thor’s line at the gunwale, and the serpent sank into the sea. Thor threw his hammer after it, and people say that he struck off its head among the waves. But I believe the truth to tell you is that the Midgard Serpent still lives and lies in the sea encircling the world. Thor swung his fist and struck Hymir by the ear, so that he toppled overboard and the soles of his feet could be seen. Then Thor waded ashore.”
Then Gangleri said: “Have any greater events taken place among the Aesir? Thor performed a very great feat of strength on this journey.”
Har answered: “There are events to tell of that the Aesir considered of greater consequence. The beginning of this story is that Baldr the Good dreamed great and ominous dreams concerning his life. When he told the Aesir his dreams, they took counsel together, and it was decided to seek protection for Baldr against every kind of danger. Frigg took oaths that fire and water, iron and every kind of metal, stones, earth, trees, diseases, beasts, birds, poison, and serpents would spare Baldr.
“When this had been done and made known, it became a pastime for Baldr and the Aesir that he should stand up at their assemblies while all the others either shot at him, struck at him, or pelted him with stones. Whatever was done to him, he suffered no harm, and everyone thought this a great glory.
“But when Loki, son of Laufey, saw this, he was displeased that Baldr suffered no harm. He went to Frigg at Fensalir, having assumed the shape of a woman. Frigg asked whether the woman knew what the Aesir were doing at the assembly. She said that they were all shooting at Baldr, and that he suffered no harm.
“Then Frigg said: ‘Neither weapons nor wood will harm Baldr. I have received oaths from them all.’
“Then the woman asked: ‘Have all things sworn oaths to spare Baldr?’
“Frigg answered: ‘A shoot of wood grows west of Valhalla. It is called mistletoe. I thought it too young to demand an oath from it.’
“Then the woman went away. Loki took the mistletoe, pulled it up, and went to the assembly. Hod was standing on the outside of the circle of people, because he was blind.
“Loki said to him: ‘Why are you not shooting at Baldr?’
“He answered: ‘Because I cannot see where Baldr is, and also because I have no weapon.’
“Then Loki said: ‘You should still do as the others do and honour Baldr as other people do. I will show you where he is standing. Shoot this twig at him.’
“Hod took the mistletoe and shot at Baldr as Loki directed. The missile flew through Baldr, and he fell dead to the ground. This was the greatest misfortune ever brought about among gods and men.
“When Baldr had fallen, all the Aesir were struck speechless, and their hands failed them when they tried to take hold of him. They looked at one another, and all were of one mind towards the one who had done the deed, but no one could take vengeance: the place was so sacred a sanctuary. When the Aesir tried to speak, weeping came first, so that none could tell another in words of his grief. But Odin bore this loss worst of all, for he understood most fully how great a deprivation and loss Baldr’s death was to the Aesir.
“When the gods recovered their senses, Frigg spoke and asked who among the Aesir wished to gain all her love and favour, and would ride the road to Hel and try to find Baldr, and offer Hel a ransom if she would let Baldr go home to Asgard. The one who undertook this journey was Hermod the Bold, Odin’s son. Then Sleipnir, Odin’s horse, was brought out, and Hermod mounted him and galloped away.
“The Aesir took Baldr’s body and carried it to the sea. Baldr’s ship was called Hringhorni. It was the largest of all ships. The gods wanted to launch it and hold Baldr’s funeral burning aboard it, but the ship would not move. Then word was sent to Jotunheim for a giantess named Hyrrokkin. When she arrived, riding a wolf and using a viper for reins, she sprang off her mount. Odin summoned four berserks to look after the mount, but they could not hold it until they had thrown it to the ground.
“Then Hyrrokkin went to the prow of the ship and shoved it forward at the first push, so that fire flew from the rollers and all the lands shook. Thor grew angry, seized his hammer, and would have smashed her head, had all the gods not begged that she be spared.
“Then Baldr’s body was carried out onto the ship. When his wife Nanna, Nep’s daughter, saw this, her heart burst with grief and she died. She was carried onto the pyre, and it was set alight. Thor stood by and consecrated the pyre with Mjolnir. A dwarf named Lit ran in front of his feet, and Thor kicked him into the fire, where he burned.
“Many kinds of beings attended this burning. First to speak of Odin: with him came Frigg, the Valkyries, and his ravens. Frey drove in a chariot drawn by the boar called Gullinbursti or Slidrugtanni. Heimdall rode the horse called Gulltopp, and Freyja drove her cats. A great host of frost giants and mountain giants also came.
“Odin laid on the pyre the gold ring called Draupnir. It had this property: every ninth night, eight gold rings of equal weight dripped from it. Baldr’s horse was led onto the pyre with all its harness.
“Now it is to be told of Hermod that he rode for nine nights through valleys so dark and deep that he saw nothing until he came to the river Gjoll and rode onto the bridge over it. It was roofed with gleaming gold. The maiden who guards the bridge is called Modgud. She asked his name and lineage, and said that the day before, five companies of dead men had ridden over the bridge—‘yet the bridge thunders no less beneath you alone, and you do not have the colour of dead men. Why are you riding here on the road to Hel?’
“He answered: ‘I am to ride to Hel to seek Baldr. Have you seen anything of Baldr on the road to Hel?’
“She said that Baldr had ridden there across the bridge over Gjoll, ‘but the road to Hel leads down and north.’
“Then Hermod rode on until he came to Hel’s gates. He dismounted and tightened his horse’s girth, mounted again, and spurred him on. The horse leaped so powerfully over the gate that he came nowhere near touching it. Then Hermod rode up to the hall and dismounted. He went inside the hall and saw his brother Baldr sitting there in the seat of honour. Hermod stayed there that night.
“In the morning Hermod asked Hel to let Baldr ride home with him, and told her how great the weeping was among the Aesir. But Hel said that it should be put to the test whether Baldr was as well loved ‘as people say. If all things in the world, living and dead, weep for him, then he shall go back to the Aesir. But he shall remain with Hel if anyone speaks against it or refuses to weep.’
“Then Hermod rose, and Baldr accompanied him out of the hall. He took the ring Draupnir and sent it to Odin as a keepsake. Nanna sent Frigg a linen cloth and other gifts as well, and Fulla a gold finger ring. Then Hermod rode back the way he had come, arrived in Asgard, and told all that he had seen and heard.
“After this the Aesir sent messengers throughout the world to ask that Baldr be wept out of Hel. All did so: people, living creatures, the earth, stones, trees, and every kind of metal, just as you will have seen these things weep when they come out of the frost into warmth.
“As the messengers were returning home, having carried out their errand well, they found a giantess sitting in a cave. She called herself Thokk. They asked her to weep Baldr out of Hel. She said:
‘Thokk will weep
with dry tears
for Baldr’s funeral burning;
living or dead,
the old man’s son brought me no joy.
Let Hel keep what she has.’
“People believe that this was Loki, son of Laufey, who has done the most evil among the Aesir.”
Then Gangleri said: “Loki accomplished a great deal when he first brought about Baldr’s death and then prevented him from being released from Hel. Was any vengeance taken on him for this?”
Har said: “He was repaid for this in a way he will feel for a long time. When the gods had grown as angry with him as might be expected, he ran away and hid on a mountain. There he made a house with four doors so that he could look out of it in every direction. During the day he often took the shape of a salmon and hid in the place called Franang Falls. He pondered what device the Aesir might invent to catch him in the waterfall. While he sat in the house, he took linen thread and knotted it into meshes, as nets have been made ever since, and a fire burned before him. Then he saw that the Aesir were not far away: Odin had seen from Hlidskjalf where he was. He immediately sprang up and out into the river, throwing the net onto the fire.
“When the Aesir reached the house, the first to enter was the wisest of them all, whose name is Kvasir. When he saw in the fire the ash left by the burnt net, he understood that it must be a device for catching fish, and told the Aesir. They then set about making themselves a net, following the pattern they could see in the ashes of the one Loki had made. When the net was ready, the Aesir went to the river and cast it into the waterfall. Thor held one end of the net, while all the other Aesir held the other, and they dragged it along. But Loki moved ahead of it and lay down between two stones. They dragged the net over him and felt that something alive was beneath it. They went up to the waterfall a second time and cast out the net, attaching weights heavy enough to prevent anything from passing underneath. Loki then moved ahead of the net. But when he saw that the sea was close, he leaped over the net’s upper cord and darted back up into the waterfall.
“Now the Aesir saw where he went. They went up to the waterfall again and divided their company into two groups, while Thor waded down the middle of the river, and in this way they moved towards the sea. Loki now saw two choices: to leap into the sea would put his life in danger, while the other choice was to leap over the net again. This he did, leaping over the net’s cord as swiftly as he could. Thor grabbed at him and caught him, but he slipped through Thor’s hand until the hand stopped at his tail. This is why the salmon tapers towards its tail.
“Loki was now captured without any promise of mercy and taken into a cave. They took three stone slabs, set them on edge, and struck a hole through each. Then Loki’s sons, Vali and Nari or Narvi, were seized. The Aesir changed Vali into a wolf, and he tore his brother Narvi apart. Then the Aesir took his entrails and bound Loki with them across the three sharp-edged stones. One stands beneath his shoulders, another beneath his loins, and the third beneath the backs of his knees. These bonds turned to iron. Then Skadi took a venomous snake and fastened it above him so that its venom would drip onto his face. But Sigyn, his wife, stands beside him and holds a basin beneath the drops of venom. When the basin is full, she goes to pour the venom away, and meanwhile the venom drips onto his face. Then he convulses so violently that the whole earth shakes. That is what you call an earthquake. There he lies bound until Ragnarok.”
Then Gangleri said: “What is there to tell of Ragnarok? I have never heard it mentioned before.”
Har said: “There are many great events to tell of. The first is that the winter called Fimbulwinter will come. Snow will drive from every direction. There will be bitter frosts and sharp winds. The sun will give no benefit. Three such winters will follow one another, with no summer between them. But before these will come three other winters, during which great battles will rage throughout the world. Brothers will kill one another out of greed, and no one will spare father or son in murder or the breaking of kinship. As it says in the Seeress’s Prophecy:
Brothers will fight
and kill one another;
sisters’ sons will
betray their kinship.
Hard times among men,
adultery rampant;
an axe-age, a sword-age,
shields are split;
a wind-age, a wolf-age,
before the world falls.
“Then something will happen that will be thought a great event: the wolf will swallow the sun, and people will regard it as a terrible calamity. Then the other wolf will seize the moon, and he too will cause great harm. The stars will vanish from the sky. Then the whole earth and the mountains will shake so violently that trees will be uprooted from the ground, mountains will collapse, and all fetters and bonds will break and snap. Then Fenrir will be free. The sea will surge over the land, for Jormungand will writhe in a giant’s fury and make his way ashore. Then the ship called Naglfar will also break loose. It is made from dead people’s nails, and for this reason it is worth guarding against anyone dying with untrimmed nails: such a person adds greatly to the material for the ship Naglfar, which gods and men would wish never to be finished. In this flooding sea, Naglfar will float. The giant who steers Naglfar is called Hrym.
“Fenrir will advance with his mouth gaping, his lower jaw against the earth and his upper jaw against the sky. He would gape wider if there were room. Flames will blaze from his eyes and nostrils. Jormungand will blow out so much venom that he will spray all the air and sea. He will be utterly terrifying and will advance beside the wolf. Amid this tumult the sky will split apart, and the sons of Muspell will ride out of it. Surt will ride first, with fire blazing before and behind him. His sword is exceedingly fine; it shines more brightly than the sun. When they ride over Bifrost, it will break, as was said before. The sons of Muspell will advance onto the field called Vigrid. Fenrir and Jormungand will also come there. Loki and Hrym will have arrived there too, and with Hrym all the frost-giants, while all Hel’s followers will accompany Loki. But the sons of Muspell will have their own battle formation, and it will be very bright. The field Vigrid is a hundred leagues across in every direction.
“When these events take place, Heimdall will rise and blow mightily into Gjallarhorn, waking all the gods, and they will hold an assembly together. Then Odin will ride to Mimir’s well and seek Mimir’s counsel for himself and his company. Then Yggdrasil’s ash will tremble, and nothing in heaven or on earth will be without fear. The Aesir and all the Einherjar will arm themselves and advance onto the field. Odin will ride first, wearing his golden helmet and fine coat of mail and carrying his spear, called Gungnir. He will make for Fenrir, while Thor advances beside him. Thor will be unable to help him, for he will have his hands full fighting Jormungand. Frey will fight Surt, and their encounter will be fierce before Frey falls. His death will result from his lacking the good sword he gave to Skirnir.
“Then the dog Garm, who is bound before Gnipa Cave, will also have broken free. He is a monstrous creature. He will fight Tyr, and each will kill the other. Thor will slay Jormungand and take nine steps away from him. Then he will fall dead to the ground from the venom the serpent has blown onto him. The wolf will swallow Odin, and that will be his death. But immediately afterwards Vidar will stride forward and set one foot on the wolf’s lower jaw. On that foot he wears the shoe for which material has been gathered throughout all time: the scraps of leather people cut from their shoes at the toes or heels. Anyone wishing to help the Aesir should therefore throw those scraps away. With one hand he will seize the wolf’s upper jaw and tear his mouth apart, and that will be the wolf’s death. Loki will fight Heimdall, and each will kill the other. After that, Surt will fling fire over the earth and burn the whole world. As it says in the Seeress’s Prophecy:
Loudly Heimdall blows,
the horn is raised;
Odin speaks
with Mimir’s head.
Yggdrasil’s ash
trembles where it stands;
the ancient tree groans,
and the giant breaks loose.
What is happening among the Aesir?
What is happening among the elves?
All Jotunheim resounds;
the Aesir are in council.
The dwarfs groan
before their stone doors,
masters of the rocky cliffs.
Do you know yet, or what?
Hrym drives from the east,
raising his shield before him;
Jormungand writhes
in a giant’s fury.
The serpent lashes the waves;
the eagle will shriek,
pale-beaked, tearing corpses;
Naglfar breaks loose.
A ship sails from the east;
Muspell’s people will come
across the sea,
and Loki steers.
There are all the monsters’ sons
with the ravenous wolf;
Byleist’s brother
is with them on their journey.
Surt comes from the south
with the scourge of branches;
from his sword shines
the sun of the battle-gods.
Rocky crags crash,
and giantesses stumble;
men tread the road to Hel,
and the sky splits apart.
Then Hlin’s
second grief comes,
when Odin goes
to fight the wolf,
and Beli’s bright slayer
against Surt;
there Frigg’s beloved
will fall.
Odin’s son goes
to fight the wolf,
Vidar on his way
towards the carrion beast;
with his hand he drives
his sword into the heart
of Hvedrung’s son;
then his father is avenged.
The glorious son
of Hlodyn walks,
hard-pressed by the serpent
that fears no disgrace;
all men will
leave their dwellings
when Midgard’s defender
strikes in fury.
The sun will turn black,
the earth sinks into the sea;
from the sky vanish
the bright stars.
Smoke rages
and life-feeding fire;
high heat plays
against heaven itself.
“And elsewhere it says:
Vigrid is the name of the field
where Surt and the dear gods
will meet in battle;
a hundred leagues
it measures in every direction;
that field is appointed for them.”
Then Gangleri said: “What will remain when the whole world is burned and all the gods and all the Einherjar and all humankind are dead? You have said before that everyone will live in some world for all eternity.”
Then Thridi answered: “There will be many good dwelling places then, and many bad ones. It will be best to be at Gimle in heaven. There will also be an ample supply of good drink for those who enjoy it in the hall called Brimir. It stands at Okolnir. There is also a fine hall standing in Nidafjoll, made of red gold. It is called Sindri. Good and virtuous people will dwell in these halls.
“On Nastrond there is a great and dreadful hall, whose doors face north. It is woven entirely from snakes’ spines, like a house of wattles, but all the snakes’ heads face into the house and blow venom, so that rivers of venom run through the hall. Oath-breakers and murderers wade in those rivers, as it says here:
I know a hall standing
far from the sun
on Nastrond;
its doors face north.
Drops of venom fall
in through the smoke-hole;
that hall is woven
from snakes’ spines.
There must wade
through heavy currents
men who swear false oaths
and murderers.
“But it is worst in Hvergelmir:
There Nidhogg torments
the bodies of the dead.”
Then Gangleri said: "Will any of the gods be alive then, or will there be any earth or heaven?"
Har says: "The earth will rise out of the sea then, green and fair. Fields will grow unsown. Vidar and Vali will live, for neither the sea nor Surt's fire will have harmed them, and they will dwell on Idavoll, where Asgard once stood. Thor's sons, Modi and Magni, will come there too, bringing Mjolnir. Next Baldr and Hod will come there from Hel. They will all sit together and talk, recall their secret counsels, and discuss the events of former times, the Midgard Serpent and Fenrir. Then they will find in the grass the golden gaming pieces that the Aesir once owned. As it is said:
Vidar and Vali
will dwell in the gods' sanctuaries
when Surt's flame darkens;
Modi and Magni
shall have Mjolnir
when Vingnir's fighting ends.
But in the place called Hoddmimir's Wood, two human beings named Lif and Lifthrasir will hide from Surt's fire. They will feed on morning dew, and from these people will come so many descendants that the whole world will be inhabited, as it says here:
Lif and Lifthrasir,
they will hide
in Hoddmimir's wood;
morning dew
they will have for food,
and from them generations will be born.
And you will think this remarkable: Sol will have borne a daughter no less fair than herself, and she will then follow her mother's paths, as it says here:
A single daughter
Alfrodull bears
before Fenrir takes her;
she shall ride,
when the gods die,
the maiden, on her mother's paths.
But if you can ask about anything further into the future, I do not know where that knowledge comes to you from, for I have heard no one tell of the course of the ages beyond this. Now make good use of what you have learned."
Next Gangleri heard great crashing sounds on every side and looked to one side. And when he looked around further, he found himself standing outside on a level plain, with no hall and no stronghold in sight. He then went on his way and returned home to his kingdom, where he told of the things he had seen and heard. After him, each person told these stories to another.
But the Aesir then sat down to talk and take counsel together. They recalled all these accounts that had been told to him and gave the very same names mentioned before to the people and places there, so that, when long ages had passed, people would have no doubt that the Aesir of whom these stories had just been told and those who were then given these same names were all the same beings. There was someone there who was then called Thor, and he is Asa-Thor of old.
古ノルド語の
ギュルヴィ王は、
ゲフィユンは
深く
駆ける
デンマークに
牡牛たちは
四つの
牧草豊かな
奪い
ギュルヴィ王は
王が
思慮ある
スヴァーヴニルの
その
石に
ギュルヴィは
そう
戸口と
先へ
よく
なぜなら、
どこに
奥の
王は
すると
「そして
おまえが
答える
ガングレリは
ハールは
そこで
ハールは
すると
スリジは
そこで
ハールは
ガングレリは
ハールは
遠い昔、
何も
砂も
冷たい
大地も
頭上の
ギンヌンガが
草は
すると
スリジは
スルトは
枝を
剣から
戦死者の
岩山は
女巨人たちは
人々は
天は
ガングレリは
すると
ヤヴンハールは
スリジは
巫女は
ヴィゾールヴから、
魔術師は
ヴィルメイズから、
セイズの
スヴァルトヘヴジから、
巨人は
ユミルから
また、
エーリヴァーガルから
毒の
育って
そこから
ことごとく
それゆえ、
すると
ハールは
すると
ハールは
ガングレリは
ハールは
すると
ハールは
数えきれない
大地が
ベルゲルミルは
わたしの
あの
箱に
すると
ハールは
ヤヴンハールは
スリジは
太陽は
自分の
月は
自分に
星々は
自分たちの
こうした
すると
ハールは
ユミルの
大地が
血から
骨から
髪から
頭蓋骨から
また、
慈しみ深い
人の
その
あの
雲が
そこで
ハールは
次に
彼の
「ヨトゥンヘイムに
そこで
そこで
ハールは
マーニは
そこで
ハールは
ガングレリは
ハールは
ガングレリは
ハールは
東に
ヤールンヴィズに
そこで
フェンリルの
その
ある
月を
魔物の
命を
死すべき
神々の
赤い
太陽の
その後の
天候は
な
そこで
ハールは
ガングレリは
ハールは
そこで
ハールは
彼らが
彼らは
次に
それから
その
裁きの
いと
そして
誰が
群れを
血に
ブラーインの
そこで
数多く
地中の
ドゥリンの
そして
ニューイ、
ノルズリ、
アウストリ、
アルショーヴ、
ナール、
ニーピング、
ビヴル、
ボンブル、
オーリ、
オーイン、
ヴィッグと
ヴィンダールヴ、
フィーリ、
フンディン、
スロール、
セック、
ニュール、
レック、
次の
ドラウプニル、
ハール、
フレズヨールヴ、
ドーリ、
ドゥーヴ、
ヘフティフィリ、
ハール、
だが
スキルヴィル、
スカーヴィズ、
アールヴ、
エイキンスキャルディ、
ファル、
フィズ、
そこで
ハールは
ガングレリは
ヤヴンハールは
霜の
すべて
おまえが
あの
ミーミルの
ミーミルは
朝ごとに、
戦死者の
な
トネリコの
アースたちの
ケルムトと
そして
それらを
日ごとに、
裁きを
ユグドラシルの
アースの
ことごとく炎に
聖なる
ガングレリは
ハールは
トネリコの
生まれは
私は
同じ
ある
ある
ある
ガングレリは
ハールは
そこで
ハールが
トネリコの
苦しみに
人の
鹿が
脇腹は
下からは
また、
さらに
トネリコの
愚かな
ゴーインと
この
グラーバクと
オーヴニルと
思うに、
あの
さらに、
わたしは
ユグドラシルと
高く
白い
そこから
谷々へと
木は
ウルズの
そこから
そこで
ハールが
ブレイザブリクと
天の
わたしは
太陽よりも
黄金で
ギムレーに
そこには
人々が
い
喜びを
そこで
ハールが
そこで
そこで
フレースヴェルグと
天の
鷲の
その
風が
すべての
そこで
ハールが
夏の
そこで
ハールが
そこで
そこで
気が
正気を
な
フリッグは
すべてを
自ら
オーディンは
わたしは
また
ヘリヤン、
セック、
スズ、
ヘルブリンディ、
サンンゲタル、
ヘルテイト、
ビレイグ、
ボルヴェルク、
グリームニル、
シーズヘット、
シグフォズル、
アルフォズル、
オースキ、
ヤヴンハール、
ゴンドリル、
スヴィズル、
ヤールク、
スロール、
ヴァク、
ヴァーヴズ、
ガウト、
そこで
そこで
そこで
ハールが
五百の
さらに
ビルスキルニルの
屋根を
わたしの
わが
トールは
さらに、
二つ目にも、
トールの
そこで
ハールが
アースの
ブレイザブリクと
バルドルが
自らの
その
わたしの
禍を
第三の
ニョルズは
ニョルズの
山々は
長く
たった
狼の
わたしには
白鳥の
そこで
眠る
海辺の
鳥の
わたしを
沖から
朝ごとの
それから
スリュムヘイムと
シャツィが
あの
だが
神々の
父の
ノーアトゥーンの
フォールクヴァングと
そこでは
広間の
戦死者の
彼女は
半分は
彼女の
すると
ハールは
ブラギと
すると
ハールは
ヘイムダルと
ヒミンビョルグと
そこでは
聖所を
そこで
安らかな
喜ばしく
また、
私は
私は
ヘズと
ヴィーザルと
アーリ、
ウルと
フォルセティと
グリトニルと
黄金の
屋根も
そこには
日々の
あらゆる
ある
ロキには、
子らが
狼は
続いて
その後、
すると
ハールは
すると
アースの
狼は
アースの
狼が
狼は
すると
ハールは
そこで
ハールが