Source text: “Lists of Names”

Nafnaþulur

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English translation made by AI from the Old Norse.

1

Sea-kings.
Atli, Frodi,
Ali, Glammi,
Beiti, Ati,
and Beimuni,
Audmund, Gudmund,
Atal and Gestil,
Geitir, Gauti,
Gylfi, Sveidi.

2

Gaeir, Eynefir,
Gaupi and Endil,
Skekkil, Ekkil,
Skefil and Solvi,
Half and Hemlir,
Harek and Gor,
Hagbard, Haki,
Hraudnir, Meiti.

3

Hjorolf and Hraudung,
Hogni, Mysing,
Hunding, Hviting,
Heiti, Maevil,
Hjalmar, Moi,
Haemir, Maevi,
Rodi, Rakni,
Rer and Leifi.

4

Randver, Rokkvi,
Reifnir, Leifnir,
Naefil, Raefil,
Nori, Lyngvi,
Byrvil, Kilmund,
Beimi, Jorek,
Asmund, Thvinil,
Yngvi, Teiti.

5

Virfil, Vinnil,
Vandil, Solsi,
Gautrek and Hun,
Gjuki, Budli,
Homar, Hnefi,
Horvi, Sorvi.
I see no more
sea-kings.
Giants I.

6

I shall recount
the names of giants:
Ymir, Gang and Mimir,
Idi and Thjazi,
Hrungnir, Hrimnir,
Hraudnir, Grimnir,
Hvedrung, Hafli,
Hripstod, Gymir.

7

Hradverk, Hrokkvir,
and Hastigi,
Hraesvelg, Herkir
and Hrimgrimnir,
Hymir and Hrimthurs,
Hval, Thrigeitir,
Thrym, Thrudgelmir,
Thistilbardi.

8

Geirrod, Fyrnir,
Galar, Thrivaldi,
Fjolverk, Geitir,
Flegg, Blapthvari,
Fornjot, Spretting,
Fjalar, Stigandi,
Som and Svasud,
Svarang, Skrati.

9

Surt and Storverk,
Saekarlsmuli,
Skaerir, Skrymir,
Sk erkir, Salfang,
Oskrud and Svart,
Ondud, Stumi,
Al svart, Aurnir,
Am and Skalli.

10

Kott, Osgrui
and Alfarin,
Vindsval, Vipar
and Vafthrudnir,
Eld and Aurgelmir,
Aegir, Rangbein,
Vind, Vidblindi,
Vingnir, Leifi.

11

Beinvid, Bjorgolf
and Brandingi,
Dumb, Bergelmir,
Dofri and Midjung,
Nati, Sokmimir.
Now the names
of mighty giants
have been counted.
Troll-women.

12

I shall count
the names of troll-women:
Grid and Gnissa,
Gryla, Bryja,
Glumra, Geitla,
Grima and Bakrauf,
Guma, Gestilja,
Grottintanna.

13

Gjalp, Hyrrokkin,
Hengikefta,
Gneip and Gnepja,
Geysa, Hala,
Horn and Hruga,
Hardgreip, Forad,
Hryggda, Hvedra
and Holgabrud.

14

Hrimgerd, Haera,
Herkja, Fala,
Imd, Jarnsaxa,
Ima, Fjolvor,
Morn, Ividja,
Amgerd, Simul,
Sivor, Skrikja,
Sveipinfalda.

15

Oflug barda
and Jarnglumra,
Imgerd, Ama
and Jarnvidja,
Margerd, Atla,
Eisurfala,
Leikn, Munnharpa
and Myrkrida.

16

Leirvor, Ljota
and Lodinfingra,
Kraka, Vardrun
and Kjallandi,
Vigglod, Thur bord;
we wish to name
Rygi last
and Rifingafla.
Thor.

17

Thor is called Atli
and Asabrag;
he is Ennilang
and Eindridi,
Bjorn, Hlorridi
and Hardveor,
Vingthor, Sonnung,
Veod and Rym.
Sons of Odin.

18

Odin's sons are
Baldr and Meili,
Vidar and Nep,
Vali, Ali,
Thor and Hildolf,
Hermod, Sigi,
Skjold, Yngvi-Frey
and Itreksjod,
Heimdall, Saeming,
Hod and Bragi.
Giants II.

19

Still more names
of giants remain:
Eimgeitir, Ver,
Im, Hringvolnir,
Viddi, Vidgrip,
Vandil, Gyllir,
Grimnir, Glaumar,
Glam, Samendil.

20

Vornir, Hardgreip
and Vagnhofdi,
Kyrmir, Suttung
and Kaldgrani,
Jotun, Ogladnir
and Aurgrimnir,
Gilling, Gripnir,
Gusir, Ofoti.

21

Hloi, Ganglati
and Helregin,
Hrossthjof, Durnir,
Hundalf, Baugi,
Hraudung, Fenrir,
Hroar and Midi.
Aesir.

22

Now I shall count
the names of the Aesir:
there are Ygg and Thor
and Yngvi-Frey,
Vidar and Baldr,
Vali and Heimdall;
then there are Tyr and Njord,
next I count Bragi,
Hod, Forseti;
here Loki comes last.
Goddesses.

23

Now all the goddesses
shall be named:
Frigg and Freyja,
Fulla and Snotra,
Gerd and Gefjon,
Gna, Lofn, Skadi,
Jord and Idunn,
Ilm, Bil, Njorun.

24

Hlin and Nanna,
Hnoss, Rind and Sjofn,
Sol and Saga,
Sigyn and Vor.
Then there is Var,
and Syn must be named,
while Thrud and Ran
are counted next.

25

Freyja also wept
gold for Od.
Her names are
Horn and Thrungva,
Syr, Skjalf and Gefn,
and likewise Mardoll.
Her daughters are
Hnoss and Gersimi.
Valkyries.

26

There are yet others
among Odin's maidens:
Hild and Gondul,
Hlokk, Mist, Skogul;
then Hrund and Eir,
Hrist, Skuld are counted.
They are called Norns,
those who shape necessity;
Nift and Disi
I shall now count.
Woman.

27

Lady, bride,
woman, proud woman, lively woman,
woman, woman, woman,
shy maiden, widow,
woman, wife and lady,
woman, sweetheart,
maiden, proud woman and woman,
maiden and old woman.
Man.

28

It is time to tell
the names for men:
poets and men,
men and warriors,
men, warriors,
heroes, men,
a company, accomplished men
and lovers of luxury.

29

Men, thanes,
men, freeholders,
men and seafarers,
warriors, freeholders,
a retinue, a company,
a troop, hardy men,
men and champions,
warriors, companions.

30

People and men
and mighty men,
followers and men,
a people and companies,
a people, proud men,
men and bands,
a generous prince, a renowned man,
a noble man, a sage.

31

Then there are a splendid man
and a giver of gold,
wealthy men
and proud men,
an army and a division
and chieftains,
a host and a battle formation,
a gathering, the common people.

32

Now there are a throng and a crowd,
a band, wealthy princes,
a company and men,
a tumultuous crowd, splendid men,
a company and a gathering,
an assembly, proud men,
men and men.

33

Still more names
for people remain:
a royal retinue and guests
and household retainers,
a household company and household members,
if I tell them all,
a confidant and a companion
and an adviser.

34

Lodgers,
men's servants,
a seatmate and a conversation partner,
men and followers;
then there are companions
and kinsmen together,
a friend, a lone man,
a retinue, men.

35

An ancestor and a kinsman,
a grandfather, a son,
a father, a brother,
a brother, a blood-brother and a close kinsman,
a child, a son,
a nephew and an heir;
then there are brothers
and chief kinsmen.

36

A descendant, a relative,
a descendant and a child,
a son and a branch of a family,
a son, a line of descent,
a son, a conversation partner,
a relative by marriage and a confidant,
a branch of a family, a line of descent,
offspring and a boy.

37

Seatmates
and relatives by marriage;
then there are offspring
and a pillar of the family;
then there are a counsellor
and an adviser,
servants, thralls,
slaves, labourers,
workmen, bondmen
and sons of toil.
Battle.

38

These are its names:
battle and clash,
din, spear-battle
and spear-tumult,
strife and clash,
shield-storm and battle,
turmoil and skirmish,
combat, battle, struggle.

39

Battle, slaughter and fighting,
attack, hostility and terror,
din, roar, combat,
battle and conflict;
then there are battle
and war,
onslaught and contest,
army-silence, clash.
Sword.

40

I shall tell
the names for swords:
blade and Hrotti,
striker, Dragvandil,
grower, Gram,
yeller, resounder and notched beneath,
sickle and pruner,
honour, gleamer.

41

Rogue, cutter,
stump, giant,
Laufi, ale-glory,
Long-beard and serpent-piercer,
leg-biter and quiet one
and Leifnir's bane,
army-bearer, striker
and sea-raker.

42

Lotti, toppler,
thruster, blade,
turner, hand-rider
and Mistletoe,
metal, thriving one and steed
and coloured in the middle,
foot-broad, gate-flame
and life-seether.

43

Swaying one, strong one,
field-long and blade,
man, wolf, slayer,
wind-bright and torment,
ash, wader in grief,
sharp-edged,
flasher and ugly flasher,
hall-fence, fist.

44

Swift one, head-sharpener,
skull-crusher,
corpse-Gaut, army-glitter
and flesh-Mimir,
wound-sucker, brandisher,
Brimir, mind-soother,
shadower, swaggerer,
notched one, gate-flame.

45

Mimung and feller
and speech-wolf,
Taurar, corpse-guardian,
crane, wind-piercer,
crusher, Quern-biter,
gleam, hardener,
wolf, bristler,
wall-destroyer.

46

Terrifier, pale one,
Fleming, notcher,
shooter, splitter,
Skofnung, ribber,
breaker, white one,
bast-bound one, Tyrfing,
hooker and hanger;
Nightling will also be found.

47

Flame and hand-ringer,
long-sharp and fire,
eagle and terrifier
and nail-farer,
brandisher, crusher,
breeze and notcher,
blaze and neck-cutter,
stormer, inciter.

48

Feller, pale one,
Fafnir, cleaver,
Imnir, Eimnir,
offshoot, fir,
sickle, pruner,
swallower, cutter and corpse,
Goin, Gestmoin,
pike, clatterer,
Nidhogg.

49

Point, blood-wart
and wound-knuckles,
blood-point, blood-caster
and blood-eddy,
blood-waker, false-striker
and blood-fist,
eddy-caster and blade,
edge-rods, battle.

50

Wailer, edges
and Olrod's gift,
mark, crosspiece
and mis-striker,
Ann and shaver,
under-drawer,
wolf, Kaldhamar's gift,
slaughter-bast and shoulder.

51

Sword and clanger
and fastening nail,
mind's rest, victory-knob,
hilt and tang,
hand-rider, stroke-adorned
and middle grip.
Axe.

52

Axe, earth-horned one
and iron-blade,
scraper and crooked one,
slasher and gaper,
mighty span, stooper,
giantess and troll-woman,
pruner and club,
bearded one and battle-glad,
hewer and stretcher;
then there is coward-horned one,
which is counted last
among the names for axes.
Spear.

53

Dart, spear and piercer,
thruster, lance and spear,
spike, shaft and slayer,
singeing one, corpse-blade,
spear, weapon, piercer,
giver, halberd,
javelin, throwing-spear,
Gungnir, pike.
Arrow.

54

Arrow is also akka,
point, white-tip,
Fenja and snowdrift,
flight, noisy traveler,
bösl, bale, blade,
barb and claw,
piercing flight and thruster,
piercer and shaft-swift.

55

Flight-glad, flight-swift,
cotton grass and missile;
mention must be made of Fenna
and Gusir’s handiwork;
there is Jolf’s handiwork,
and last, thura.
Bow.

56

Elm, dale, bow,
yew and double wood,
bender, gleaming one and thunder,
honor, Skalgelmir.
I also declare these names
for all weapons together:
iron, arrow and striking weapons,
steel and arms.
Shield.

57

Shield, thronging hall,
skaun, hall-band,
curved one, Hle bard
and buckler,
shrine-limb, target,
storm-glad and shelter,
wide-pale one, shield,
battle-glad and linden.

58

Resounding one, dew-scraper
and jewel-shelter,
battle-light, stone-flung one
and battle-shelter,
Svalinn and rim,
soiled one, board,
pusher, beaked one,
bright one, double-boarded one,
warrior and swarm,
everlasting one, brightness,
ring, fair-blue one,
she-bear, middle-shelter.
Helmet.

59

The names of Hropt’s hat
I shall tell:
helmet, gold-adorned,
wave, slaughter-frosted one,
stone-frosted one, skulker
and sheltering one,
life-protector, pleasing one
and eager one,
battle-boar, Kellir,
war-emblem and Velg,
mask, terrifier,
gleaming one, director.
Mail coat.

60

Mail coat, Kund, helmet-clamor,
inlaid one and close-fitting one,
cold one, Finn’s legacy,
battle-traveler,
pliant one, sight
and blood-plaything.
Sea.

61

Sea, ever-low one,
salt, Aegir,
ocean, water,
Sum, still one,
water-staff and wave,
resounding one, surge, expanse,
roarer, drifting one and sea,
suction, surge, Sami,
swallower, current and fjord.

62

Strait, inlet, navigable one,
Simi and wide one,
squall, sea, breaker,
dusk, flood and surf,
sweller, glittering one,
Gymir and surger,
roarer and unrest,
surge, fen, Snapi.

63

Gnat, landing place, sea-mile,
fishing ground, lagoon and fishing bank,
water, deep and depths,
bay, tarn and channel,
storm, ditch, pool,
stream, brook and beck,
channel, Brud, spring,
eddy, waterfall and creek.

64

Hevring, wave,
whitecap and shore-water,
wave, Ran, Kolga
and Himinglaeva,
Drofn, Ud and Solm,
Duva, Bylgja,
breaker and billow,
Blodughadda.
Rivers.

65

Gjoll, Glit, Gera,
Glod and Valskjalf,
Van, Vid, Vimur,
Ving and Ysa,
Sid, Sud, Freka,
Saekin, Einstika,
Elv, Ro, Ekla,
Ekin, Rennandi.

66

Thyn, Rhine and Nid,
Tholl, Rim, Ysja,
Dun, Ogn, Dyna,
Dyn, Hollfara,
Orun and Bra,
Audskjalg, Lodda,
Mun, Merkrida,
Main, Saxelf.

67

Tiber, Durn, Dvina,
Thames, Vond and Strond,
Morn, Moda, Thrym,
Morn and Gautelf,
Alin, Ud, Olga
and Euphrates,
Ogn, Eidrennir
and Apardjon.

68

Rogn, Hronn and Raun,
Raumelf, Hnipul,
Hnopul, Hjalmunla,
Humber, Vina,
Vil, Vin, Vella,
Valin, Semd, Salin,
Dnieper, Drofn, Strauma,
Nis, Mynt, Gnapa.

69

Gilling and Nile,
Ganges, Tvedda,
Luma, Vervada,
Leira and Gunnthro,
Idsvol, Vegsvinn,
Yn, Thjodmuna,
Fjorm, Strond and Spe
and Fimbulthul.

70

Nyt, Hronn and Naud,
Not, Slid and Hrid,
Kormt, Leipt and Ormt,
the two Kerlaugar,
Gomul, Sylg and Yn
and Geirvimul,
Ylg, Vod and Flod;
Jordan comes last.
Fish.

71

Salmon and ling,
whiting, tusk,
sea trout, male salmon,
perch and spawning female,
lobster, lumpfish,
Hvednir, flounder,
mackerel, trout
and Andvari.

72

Herring, coalfish, skate,
sand eel, char and perch,
full-grown cod and whitefish,
Skalgi, halibut,
Fylding, sturgeon
and Fu dryskill,
porbeagle, wolffish
and Greenland shark.

73

Weever, Thrommung
and Fengrani,
hammerhead, turbot
and garfish,
sea-bull, Glommung
and Marthvara,
trout, shellfish,
swordfish and pollack.

74

Young cod, saithe,
cod, Vartari,
shallow-water fish, pike,
Gjolnir, tusk,
eel and redfish,
crab, garfish,
shark and opah,
stickleback, sea urchin.
Whales.

75

Goat-whale, spear-whale
and sea-steamer,
porpoise, sea-strider
and dolphins,
rorqual, rorqual calf,
sperm whale,
walrus
and veil-whale.

76

Northern whale, cow-whale,
narwhal and lightning,
shell-whale, fish-driver
and skiff-whale,
smooth-back, shield-whale
and sand-lier,
horse-whale, duck-whale,
raven-rorqual and killer whale.
Ships.

77

Now I shall set out
the names of ships:
ark, oar-claw,
ash, Sessrumnir,
warship, skiff,
ship and Skidbladnir,
Nor, Naglfari,
boat, longship.

78

Cargo boat, buss,
cold-prowed one and reindeer,
bank, thole-strapped one,
frosty-prowed one,
league, boat and Regg,
row, Hringhorni,
Lung, keel, longship,
Leifnir, light warship.

79

Ring, Gnod, Freki,
Hraud, weary rower,
Hemlir, beaked ship
and pool-striker,
owl, mud
and ash-shaker,
small boat, kettle,
Kati, carriage and sheath.

80

Knarr, cog, Knui,
Keipul, oak boat,
dragon, Ellidi,
dromond and barge,
pine, steed, galley,
ferry, Skalda,
craft, vessel and pleasing one,
travel-eager one and fleet.

81

Sail, gunwale, mast,
course-knower, rudder,
plank seams, nail rows,
planking and sheet-rope,
stay, stem, steering oar,
support and Sikulgjord,
Snotra and sun-board,
rowing bench, stern and rope.

82

Bow strakes, shrouds,
reefing tackle and sail corner,
spike, mast-tree,
rivet, bilge supports,
belaying pin, masthead,
line, ears,
pennant, pennant-fringe
and ship’s nail.

83

Masthead, masthead bore
and tiller,
hull, bow, Hrefni
and bow-stem,
brail, sail’s tack,
loop and masthead bands,
rowlocks, peg, hammer,
help-rope and sail’s edge.

84

Yard, parrel, reef,
ribs and oar-loops,
windlass, cabin,
pole, long bow planks,
roller, sail-boom,
cleat, stem boards,
beams, bowline,
cargo partitions.

85

Prow, knee, framing,
belt and bow timber,
garboard, wedge
and keel seam,
cleats, mast-step,
claws and thwarts,
keel-rope, plank edges,
forked timbers and deck planks.

86

Stays, hauling rope,
bilge pump, oars,
braces, yardarms,
hearth and pins,
bottom plank, keel-heel
and anchor,
stern crosspiece, bailer
and masthead cheeks.
Earth.

87

Jord, Fjorn, turf,
Eskja and Hlodyn,
Gyma, Sif, Fjorgyn,
ground, soil and rim,
earth, field and marsh,
land, earth and bosom,
land, ground, Thruma,
soil and marshland.

88

Wood, ridge and mountains,
hillside and rise,
hill, heath and hollow,
knoll and slope,
corner, dale and field,
small valley and tongue of land,
mould, bare ground, ridge,
moor, hollow and sand.
Ox.

89

Now shall be told
the names of oxen:
Arvak, D rjoni
and Jormunrek,
Simi, Frey, Regin,
smith, island-borer,
red one and driven one
and dusk-sided one,
Viggi, striker,
Vingnir, leader.

90

Himinhrjod, Simir
and hard-traveler,
Haefir, Digni,
Hjollud, Simul,
Hlid, stump and Lit,
Hrid, Forsimi,
Arv, Jormuni
and yoke-smith.

91

Spark, dappled one,
golden-horned one,
Aud, young bull, old one
and Arfuni,
bull, bellower,
roarer, resounder and angry one,
rutting one, bull,
sire, mud-giver.
Cow.

92

A cow is called Skirja,
heifer and Frenja,
and Audhumla:
she is the oldest of cows.
Ram.

93

Ram, great-horned one,
horn-waver,
Gumar, horn-gleamer
and gelded one,
wether, horn-glower,
slanting-horned one,
Berr, horn-adorned one
and Heimdali,
Bekri, Midjung,
breeze, marten and ram.
Goat.

94

A goat is called Grimnir
and Geirolnir,
Tanngnjost, Kjappi
and Tanngrisnir,
Skimud and Brusi,
Bokk; Grim is counted too.
There are also Heidrun,
young she-goat and kid;
Kolmula and kid
are included together.
Bear.

95

Bear, Bersi, Bolm,
she-bear, Elgvidnir,
blue-tooth, ice-wolf
and wide-wanderer,
Besting, Bassi,
Balti, leopard,
shaggy one, greedy one, Vilnir,
Jorek, Mosni,
wide-strider, cub,
he-bear, winter-abider,
brown-tooth, Jal fud,
Ifjung, Vilskarp.
Stag.

96

Stag, Dyrathror,
Hlid, Eikthyrnir,
Duneyr, Dain,
Dvalar, Motrodnir.
Boar.

97

Boar, Valglitnir,
piglet and Hrimnir,
Svintar, wild boar,
Saehrimnir,
castrated boar, Rai,
Valbassi, Rod,
dung-rooter, Thror,
Vigrir, Skump,
Thrand, Vaningi.
Wolf.

98

Warg, wolf, Geri,
Vitnir, gray beast,
Hati, Hrodvitnir
and heath-wanderer,
Freki and Vidnir,
Fenrir, leopard,
Goti, Gild, Glammi,
Gyldir, Imar,
Im and Eggdir
and Skoll’s kin.

99

These names are also used:
she-wolf, wolf-bitch,
Borkn and Ima,
... svim ul.
Heavens.

100

Nine heavens
are counted on high.
I know the lowest:
it is Vindblain;
it is Heidthyrnir
and Hreggmimir.
The second is called
Andlang heaven;
that you may understand.
The third is Vidblain;
Vidfedmi, I say,
is the fourth;
Hrjod and Hlyrni,
I believe, the sixth;
Gimir, Vetmimir:
I reckon now
that eight heavens
have been counted above.
Skattyrnir stands
higher than the clouds;
it is outside
all worlds.
Sun.

101

Sol and Sunna,
sight, fair wheel,
lightning, clearer, playmate,
kindly light, radiant orb,
lightning, hovering orb
and light-traveler,
driving one, elf-orb
and Dvalin’s playmate.