《西格德莉法之歌》原典

"Hvat beit brynju?
Hví brá ek svefni?
Hverr felldi af mér
fölvar nauðir?"
Hann svaraði:
"Sigmundar burr,
- sleit fyr skömmu
hrafn hrælundir, -
hjörr Sigurðar!"
Hon kvað:

"Lengi ek svaf,
lengi ek sofnuð var,
löng eru lýða læ;
Óðinn því veldr,
er ek eigi máttak
bregða blundstöfum."
Sigurðr settist niðr ok spyrr hana nafns. Hon tók þá horn fullt mjaðar ok gaf honum minnisveig:

"Heill dagr!
Heilir dags synir!
Heil nótt ok nift!
Óreiðum augum
lítið okkr þinig
ok gefið sitjöndum sigr!

Heilir æsir!
Heilar ásynjur!
Heil sjá in fjölnýta fold!
Mál ok mannvit
gefið okkr mærum tveim
ok læknishendr, meðan lifum."
Hon nefndist Sigrdrífa ok var valkyrja. Hon sagði, at tveir konungar börðust. Hét annarr Hjálmgunnarr. Hann var þá gamall ok inn mesti hermaðr, ok hafði Óðinn hánum sigri heitit en
"annarr hét Agnarr,
Auðu bróðir,
er vætr engi
vildi þiggja."
Sigrdrífa felldi Hjálmgunnarr í orrustunni, en Óðinn stakk hana svefnþorni í hefnd þess ok kvað hana aldri skyldu síðan sigr vega í orrustu ok kvað hana giftast skyldu - "en ek sagðak hánum, at ek strengðak heit þar í mót at giftast engum þeim manni, er hræðast kynni." Hann segir ok biðr hana kenna sér speki, ef hon vissi tíðindi ór öllum heimum. Sigrdrífa kvað:

"Bjór færi ek þér,
brynþings apaldr,
magni blandinn
ok megintíri;
fullr er hann ljóða
ok líknstafa,
góðra galdra
ok gamanrúna.

Sigrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú vilt sigr hafa,
ok rísta á hjalti hjörs,
sumar á véttrimum,
sumar á valböstum,
ok nefna tysvar Tý.

Ölrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú vill annars kvæn
véli-t þik í tryggð, ef þú trúir;
á horni skal þær rísta
ok á handar baki
ok merkja á nagli Nauð.

Full skal signa
ok við fári sjá
ok verpa lauki í lög;
þá ek þat veit,
at þér verðr aldri
meinblandinn mjöðr.

Bjargrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú bjarga vilt
ok leysa kind frá konum;
á lófum þær skal rísta
ok of liðu spenna
ok biðja þá dísir duga.

Brimrúnar skaltu rísta,
ef þú vilt borgit hafa
á sundi seglmörum;
á stafni skal rísta
ok á stjórnarblaði
ok leggja eld í ár,
er-a svá brattr breki
né svá bláar unnir,
þó kemstu heill af hafi.

Limrúnar skaltu kunna,
af þú vilt læknir vera,
ok kunna sár at sjá;
á berki skal þær rísta
ok á baðmi viðar,
þeim er lúta austr limar.

Málrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú vilt, at manngi þér
heiftum gjaldi harm:
þær of vindr,
þær of vefr,
þær of setr allar saman
á því þingi,
er þjóðir skulu
í fulla dóma fara.

Hugrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú vilt hverjum vera
geðsvinnari guma;
þær of réð,
þær of reist,
þær of hugði Hroftr
af þeim legi,
er lekit hafði
ór hausi Heiðdraupnis
ok ór horni Hoddrofnis.

Á bjargi stóð
með Brimis eggjar,
hafði sér á höfði hjalm;
þá mælti Mímis höfuð
fróðligt it fyrsta orð
ok sagði sanna stafi.

Á skildi kvað ristnar,
þeim er stendr fyr skínandi goði,
á eyra Árvakrs
ok á Alsvinns hófi,
á því hvéli, er snýsk
undir reið Hrungnis,
á Sleipnis tönnum
ok á sleða fjötrum.

Á bjarnar hrammi
ok á Braga tungu,
á ulfs klóum
ok á arnar nefi,
á blóðgum vængjum
ok á brúar sporði,
á lausnar lófa
ok á líknar spori.

Á gleri ok á gulli
ok á gumna heillum,
í víni ok í virtri
ok vilisessi,
á Gugnis oddi
ok á Grana brjósti,
á nornar nagli
ok á nefi uglu.

Allar váru af skafnar,
þær er váru á ristnar,
ok hverfðar við inn helga mjöð
ok sendar á víða vega;
þær ro með ásum,
þær ro með alfum,
sumar með vísum vönum
sumar hafa mennskir menn.

Þat eru bókrúnar,
þat eru bjargrúnar
ok allar ölrúnar
ok mætar meginrúnar,
hveim er þær kná óvilltar
ok óspilltar
sér at heillum hafa;
njóttu, ef þú namst,
unz rjúfask regin.

Nú skaltu kjósa,
alls þér er kostr of boðinn,
hvassa vápna hlynr;
sögn eða þögn
hafðu þér sjalfr í hug;
öll eru mein of metin."
Sigurðr kvað:

"Munk-a ek flæja,
þótt mik feigan vitir,
emk-a ek með bleyði borinn;
ástráð þín
ek vil öll hafa;
svá lengi sem ek lifi."
Sigrdrífa kvað:

"Þat ræð ek þér it fyrsta,
at þú við frændr þína
vammalaust verir;
síðr þú hefnir,
þótt þeir sakar geri;
þat kveða dauðum duga.

Þat ræð ek þér annat,
at þú eið né sverir,
nema þann er saðr sé;
grimmar limar
ganga at tryggðrofi;
armr er vára vargr.

Þat ræð ek þér þriðja,
at þú þingi á
deili-t við heimska hali,
því að ósviðr maðr
lætur oft kveðin
verri orð en viti.

Allt er vant,
ef þú við þegir,
þá þykkir þú með bleyði borinn
eða sönnu sagðr;
hættr er heimis kviðr,
nema sér góðan geti; -
annars dags
láttu hans öndu farit,
ok launa svá lýðum lygi.

Þat ræð ek þér it fjórða,
ef býr fordæða
vammafull á vegi,
ganga er betra
en giska sé,
þótt þik nótt of nemi.

Fornjósnar augu
þurfu fira synir,
hvars skulu vreiðir vega;
oft bölvísar konur
sitja brautu nær,
þær er deyfa sverð ok sefa.

Þat ræð ek þér it fimmta,
þóttú fagrar séir
brúðir bekkjum á,
sifja silfr
lát-a-ðu þínum svefni ráða;
teygj-at-tu þér at kossi konur.

Þat ræð ek þér it sétta,
þótt með seggjum fari
ölðrmál til öfug,
drukkin deila
skal-at-tu við dolgviðu;
margan stelr vín viti.

Söngr ok öl
hefr seggjum verit
mörgum at móðtrega,
sumum at bana,
sumum at bölstöfum;
fjölð er, þat er fira tregr.

Þat ræð ek þér it sjaunda,
ef þú sakar deilir
við hugfulla hali,
berjask er betra
en brenna sé
inni auðstöfum.

Þat ræð ek þér it átta,
at þú skalt við illu sjá
ok firrask flærðarstafi;
mey þú teygj-at
né manns konu
né eggja ofgamans.

Þat ræð ek þér it níunda,
at þú náum bjargir,
hvars þú á foldu finnr,
hvárts eru sóttdauðir
eða eru sædauðir
eða eru vápndauðir verar.

Laug skal gera,
þeim er liðnir eru,
þváa hendr ok höfuð,
kemba ok þerra,
áðr í kistu fari,
ok biðja sælan sofa.

Þat ræð ek þér it tíunda,
at þú trúir aldregi
várum vargdropa,
hvárstu ert bróður bani
eða hafir þú felldan föður;
ulfr er í ungum syni,
þó sé hann gulli gladdr.

Sakar ok heiftir
hyggja-t svefngar vera
né harm in heldr;
vits ok vápna
vant er jöfri at fá
þeim er skal fremstr með firum.

Þat ræð ek þér it ellifta,
at þú við illu séir
hvern veg at vini;
langt líf þykkjumk-a-k
lofðungs vita;
römm eru róg of risin."

"What bit through the byrnie? how was broken my sleep?
Who made me free of the fetters pale?"

He answered:
"Sigmund's son, with Sigurth's sword,
That late with flesh hath fed the ravens."

"Hail, day! Hail, sons of day!
And night and her daughter now!
Look on us here with loving eyes,
That waiting we victory win.

"Hail to the gods! Ye goddesses, hail,
And all the generous earth!
Give to us wisdom and goodly speech,
And healing hands, life-long.

"Long did I sleep, my slumber was long,
And long are the griefs of life;
Othin decreed that I could not break
The heavy spells of sleep."

The other was Agnar, brother of Autha,
None he found who fain would shield him.

"Beer I bring thee, tree of battle,
Mingled of strength and mighty fame;
Charms it holds and healing signs,
Spells full good, and gladness-runes."

******

Winning-runes learn, if thou longest to win,
And the runes on thy sword-hilt write;
Some on the furrow, and some on the flat,
And twice shalt thou call on Tyr.

Ale-runes learn, that with lies the wife
Of another betray not thy trust; On the horn thou shalt write, and the backs of thy hands,
And Need shalt mark on thy nails.
Thou shalt bless the draught, and danger escape,
And cast a leek in the cup;
(For so I know thou never shalt see
Thy mead with evil mixed.)

Birth-runes learn, if help thou wilt lend,
The babe from the mother to bring;
On thy palms shalt write them, and round thy joints,
And ask the fates to aid.

Wave-runes learn, if well thou wouldst shelter
The sail-steeds out on the sea;
On the stem shalt thou write, and the steering-blade,
And burn them into the oars;
Though high be the breakers, and black the waves,
Thou shalt safe the harbor seek.

Branch-runes learn, if a healer wouldst be,
And cure for wounds wouldst work; On the bark shalt thou write, and on trees that be
With boughs to the eastward bent.

Speech-runes learn, that none may seek
To answer harm with hate;
Well he winds and weaves them all,
And sets them side by side,
At the judgment-place, when justice there
The folk shall fairly win.

Thought-runes learn, if all shall think
Thou art keenest minded of men.

******

Them Hropt arranged, and them he wrote,
And them in thought he made, Out of the draught that down had dropped
From the head of Heithdraupnir,
And the horn of Hoddrofnir.

On the mountain he stood with Brimir's sword,
On his head the helm he bore;
Then first the head of Mim spoke forth,
And words of truth it told.

******

He bade write on the shield before the shining goddess,
On Arvak's ear, and on Alsvith's hoof,
On the wheel of the car of Hrungnir's killer,
On Sleipnir's teeth, and the straps of the sledge.

On the paws of the bear, and on Bragi's tongue, On the wolf's claws bared, and the eagle's beak,
On bloody wings, and bridge's end,
On freeing hands and helping foot-prints.

On glass and on gold, and on goodly charms,
In wine and in beer, and on well-loved seats,
On Gungnir's point, and on Grani's breast,
On the nails of Norns, and the night-owl's beak.

******

Shaved off were the runes that of old were written,
And mixed with the holy mead,
And sent on ways so wide;
So the gods had them, so the elves got them,
And some for the Wanes so wise,
And some for mortal men.

Beech-runes are there, birth-runes are there,
And all the runes of ale, And the magic runes of might;
Who knows them rightly and reads them true,
Has them himself to help;
Ever they aid,
Till the gods are gone.

******

Brynhild spake: 20.
"Now shalt thou choose, for the choice is given,
Thou tree of the biting blade;
Speech or silence, 'tis thine to say,
Our evil is destined all."

Sigurth spake: 21.
"I shall not flee, though my fate be near,
I was born not a coward to be; Thy loving word for mine will I win,
As long as I shall live."

******

Then first I rede thee, that free of guilt
Toward kinsmen ever thou art;
No vengeance have, though they work thee harm,
Reward after death thou shalt win.

Then second I rede thee, to swear no oath
If true thou knowest it not;
Bitter the fate of the breaker of troth,
And poor is the wolf of his word.

Then third I rede thee, that thou at the Thing
Shalt fight not in words with fools;
For the man unwise a worser word
Than he thinks doth utter oft.

Ill it is if silent thou art,
A coward born men call thee,
And truth mayhap they tell; Seldom safe is fame,
Unless wide renown be won;
On the day thereafter send him to death,
Let him pay the price of his lies.

Then fourth I rede thee, if thou shalt find
A wily witch on thy road,
It is better to go than her guest to be,
Though night enfold thee fast.

Eyes that see need the sons of men
Who fight in battle fierce;
Oft witches evil sit by the way,
Who blade and courage blunt.

Then fifth I rede thee, though maidens fair
Thou seest on benches sitting,
Let the silver of kinship not rob thee of sleep,
And the kissing of women beware.

Then sixth I rede thee, if men shall wrangle,
And ale-talk rise to wrath,
No words with a drunken warrior have,
For wine steals many men's wits.

Brawls and ale full oft have been
An ill to many a man,
Death for some, and sorrow for some;
Full many the woes of men.

Then seventh I rede thee, if battle thou seekest
With a foe that is full of might;
It is better to fight than to burn alive
In the hall of the hero rich.

Then eighth I rede thee, that evil thou shun,
And beware of lying words;
Take not a maid, nor the wife of a man,
Nor lure them on to lust.

Then ninth I rede thee: burial render
If thou findest a fallen corpse,
Of sickness dead, or dead in the sea,
Or dead of weapons' wounds.

A bath shalt thou give them who corpses be, And hands and head shalt wash;
Wipe them and comb, ere they go in the coffin,
And pray that they sleep in peace.

Then tenth I rede thee, that never thou trust
The word of the race of wolves,
(If his brother thou broughtest to death,
Or his father thou didst fell;)
Often a wolf in a son there is,
Though gold he gladly takes.

Battle and hate and harm, methinks,
Full seldom fall asleep;
Wits and weapons the warrior needs
If boldest of men he would be.

Then eleventh I rede thee, that wrath thou shun,
And treachery false with thy friends;
Not long the leader's life shall be,
For great are the foes he faces.

「什麼咬穿了鎖子甲？
我為何從睡夢中驚醒？
是誰替我卸下
蒼白的束縛？」
他答道：
「西格蒙德之子的，
——不久之前，
烏鴉才撕啄過那些屍身之樹——
西格爾德的利劍！」
她說道：

「我睡了許久，
沉眠了許久，
世人的苦難何其漫長；
這都是奧丁所為，
使我無法
破除沉睡的咒符。」
西格爾德坐下，問她的名字。她便拿起盛滿蜂蜜酒的角杯，給他一杯喚起記憶的酒：

「向達格致敬！
向達格的眾子致敬！
向諾特與她的女親致敬！
請以無怒的目光
望向此處的我倆，
賜勝利給並坐的我們！

向阿薩神族致敬！
向諸位女神致敬！
向這片恩澤豐厚的大地致敬！
請賜口才與智慧
給我們這顯赫的兩人，
並賜治癒之手，伴我們終生。」
她自稱西格德莉法，是一位女武神。她說，曾有兩位國王交戰。其中一人名叫希亞爾姆貢納爾。他當時已年老，是極其英勇的戰士，奧丁曾答應賜他勝利；而
「另一人名叫阿格納爾，
是奧達的兄弟，
誰也不肯
給他任何援助。」
西格德莉法在戰場上殺了希亞爾姆貢納爾，奧丁為此報復，以睡眠之刺刺她，說她此後再也不得在戰場上決定勝負，並說她必須嫁人——「我卻對他說，我立誓與他相抗，絕不嫁給任何懂得恐懼的男人。」他開口請她傳授智慧，倘若她知曉各個世界的事。西格德莉法說道：

「我為你奉上啤酒，
鎧甲集會的蘋果樹啊，
酒中調入了力量
與偉大的榮耀；
它滿溢著咒歌
與撫慰的符文、
有益的法咒
與歡樂的盧恩符文。

你須通曉勝利的盧恩符文，
若你想贏得勝利，
就把它們刻在劍柄上，
有些刻在護手的凹槽，
有些刻在劍柄的扁平處，
並兩度呼喚提爾。

你須通曉啤酒的盧恩符文，
若你不願別人的妻子
在你信任她時，欺騙你的信賴；
須把它們刻在角杯上，
也刻在手背上，
並在指甲上標記「困厄」之符。

須為滿杯的酒祝禱，
提防其中的禍害，
並將韭蔥投入酒中；
如此我便知道，
你的蜂蜜酒裡
永不會摻入毒害。

你須通曉助產的盧恩符文，
若你想施以援手，
使胎兒脫離母體；
須把它們刻在掌心，
環繞關節繫上，
再求女靈前來相助。

你須刻下海浪的盧恩符文，
若你想保全
航行海上的帆馬；
須刻在船首，
也刻在舵葉上，
並在槳上烙下火印，
任憑碎浪多麼陡峭，
波濤多麼幽藍，
你仍能平安渡過大海。

你須通曉枝條的盧恩符文，
若你想成為醫者，
懂得診治創傷；
須把它們刻在樹皮上，
也刻在樹幹上，
選那枝條向東垂的樹。

你須通曉言語的盧恩符文，
若你不願任何人
懷著仇恨報償你的傷害：
須纏繞它們，
須編織它們，
須將它們全數安置妥當，
就在那集會上，
眾人將在那裡
接受完備的審判。

你須通曉心智的盧恩符文，
若你想比所有人
都更加聰慧；
赫羅普特解讀了它們，
刻下了它們，
也構思了它們，
取自那液汁，
那液汁曾流出
海德德勞普尼爾的頭顱，
以及霍德羅夫尼爾的角。

他站在岩山上，
手持布里米爾的利刃，
頭上戴著頭盔；
那時密米爾的頭顱
說出第一句睿智的話，
道出了真實的符文。

他說，符文刻在盾牌上，
那盾牌立在輝耀的神祇之前，
刻在阿爾瓦克的耳上，
也刻在阿爾斯文的蹄上，
刻在那轉動的輪上，
輪上載著赫朗格尼爾的車，
刻在斯雷普尼爾的牙齒上，
也刻在雪橇的繫帶上。

刻在熊掌上，
也刻在布拉基的舌上，
刻在狼爪上，
也刻在鷹喙上，
刻在染血的羽翼上，
也刻在橋頭，
刻在解縛的手掌上，
也刻在救助的足跡上。

刻在玻璃上，也刻在黃金上，
也刻在人們的護符上，
融在葡萄酒裡，也融在麥汁裡，
也刻在心愛的座位上，
刻在岡格尼爾的尖端，
也刻在格拉尼的胸膛上，
刻在諾恩的指甲上，
也刻在貓頭鷹的喙上。

凡是刻上去的符文，
全都被刮了下來，
調入神聖的蜂蜜酒中，
送往四面八方；
有些在阿薩神族那裡，
有些在精靈那裡，
有些在睿智的華納神族那裡，
有些則由凡人持有。

那些是書寫的盧恩符文，
那些是助產的盧恩符文，
以及所有啤酒的盧恩符文，
還有珍貴的強力盧恩符文，
誰能使它們不致混淆、
不受損壞，
便能用來為自己求福；
若你學會了，就善加運用，
直到諸神毀滅之時。

現在你須作出選擇，
既然選擇已擺在你面前，
鋒利兵器的楓樹啊；
要言語，還是沉默，
你須自己在心中決定；
一切苦難都已注定。」
西格爾德說道：

「我不會逃走，
縱使你知道我將死，
我也不是生來怯懦的人；
你滿懷愛意的勸言，
我願全數領受，
只要我還活著。」
西格德莉法說道：

「這是我給你的第一項忠告：
對待你的親人，
須清白無過；
即使他們挑起爭端，
也別輕易報復；
人說這對死者有益。

這是我給你的第二項忠告：
你不可立誓，
除非誓言真實；
殘酷的刑罰
將臨到背信者身上；
吞噬誓約的狼何其可悲。

這是我給你的第三項忠告：
你在集會上，
別與愚人爭辯，
因為無知的人
往往說出
比他所想更惡毒的話。

若你默不作聲，
便處處為難，
人們會以為你生來怯懦，
或是他說中了實情；
愚人的評語危險，
除非你能博得好評；——
到了第二天，
就讓他的魂魄離去，
如此報償人們的謊言。

這是我給你的第四項忠告：
若路旁住著
滿懷惡意的女巫，
寧可繼續前行，
也別投宿，
即使黑夜將你籠罩。

世人的子嗣
需要預先察敵的眼睛，
無論何處將有憤怒的交戰；
精通邪術的女人
常坐在道路近旁，
使劍刃與心志一同鈍弱。

這是我給你的第五項忠告：
即使你看見美麗的
女子坐在長凳上，
也別讓親緣之銀
支配你的睡眠；
別引誘女人來吻你。

這是我給你的第六項忠告：
即使人群之間
酒後言談轉為惡語，
你也不可醉著
與戰士爭吵；
酒會竊走許多人的神智。

歌聲與啤酒
曾使許許多多
男子心生悲苦，
使一些人喪命，
使一些人遭逢災殃；
令人悲傷的事何其多。

這是我給你的第七項忠告：
若你與勇敢的人
起了爭端，
寧可交戰，
也別讓富有的男子
在屋內被活活燒死。

這是我給你的第八項忠告：
你須提防邪惡，
遠離欺詐的言行；
別引誘少女，
也別引誘他人的妻子，
更別挑動放縱的情欲。

這是我給你的第九項忠告：
凡你在地上發現的屍體，
都須助其安葬，
無論是病死的人，
或是死於海上的人，
或是死於兵刃的人。

須為亡者備水沐浴，
替他們洗淨
雙手與頭顱，
梳理頭髮，擦乾身體，
然後才放入棺木，
並祈願他們安眠。

這是我給你的第十項忠告：
永遠別相信
狼種後裔的誓言，
無論你是他兄弟的凶手，
還是曾殺了他的父親；
幼子心中藏著狼，
即使黃金使他歡喜。

爭端與仇恨，
你別以為會沉睡，
悲痛也一樣；
智慧與兵器，
君王不可缺少，
若他要居於眾人之首。

這是我給你的第十一項忠告：
你須提防朋友
無論從何方帶來的禍害；
我想我看不見
這位君王享有長壽；
猛烈的紛爭已然興起。」