《斯基尔尼尔之歌》的原典
Skírnismál
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古诺尔斯语原文采用冰岛学者 Guðni Jónsson 编订版本的规范拼写。
"Rístu nú, Skírnir,
ok gakk skjótt at beiða
okkarn mála mög
ok þess at fregna,
hveim inn fróði sé
ofreiði afi."
Skírnir kvað:
"Illra orða
er mér ón at ykkrum syni,
ef ek geng at mæla við mög
ok þess at fregna,
hveim inn fróði sé
ofreiði afi."
"Segðu mér þat, Freyr,
folkvaldi goða,
ok ek vilja vita:
Hví þú einn sitr
endlanga sali,
minn dróttinn, um daga?"
Freyr kvað:
"Hví um segjak þér,
seggr inn ungi,
mikinn móðtrega?
Því at álfröðull
lýsir um alla daga
ok þeygi at mínum munum."
Skírnir kvað:
"Muni þína
hykk-a ek svá mikla vera,
at þú mér, seggr, né segir,
því at ungir saman
várum í árdaga,
vel mættim tveir trúask."
Freyr kvað:
"Í Gymis görðum
ek ganga sá
mér tíða mey;
armar lýstu,
en af þaðan
allt loft ok lögr."
"Mær er mér tíðari
en manna hveim
ungum í árdaga;
ása ok alfa
þat vill engi maðr
at vit samt séim."
Skírnir kvað:
"Mar gefðu mér þá
þann er mik um myrkvan beri
vísan vafrloga,
ok þat sverð,
er sjalft vegisk
við jötna ætt."
Freyr kvað:
"Mar ek þér þann gef,
er þik um myrkvan berr
vísan vafrloga,
ok þat sverð,
er sjalft mun vegask
ef sá er horskr, er hefr."
Skírnir mælti við hestinn:
"Myrkt er úti,
mál kveð ek okkr fara
úrig fjöll yfir,
þursa þjóð yfir;
báðir vit komumk,
eða okkr báða tekr
sá inn ámáttki jötunn."
Skírnir reið í Jötunheima til Gymisgarða. Þar váru hundar ólmir ok bundnir fyrir skíðgarðs hliði, þess er um sal Gerðar var. Hann reið at þar, er féhirðir sat á haugi, og kvaddi hann:
"Segðu þat, hirðir,
er þú á haugi sitr
ok varðar alla vega:
Hvé ek at andspilli
komumk ins unga mans
fyr greyjum Gymis?"
Hirðir kvað:
"Hvárt ertu feigr,
eða ertu framgenginn?
-- -- --
Andspillis vanr
þú skalt æ vera
góðrar meyjar Gymis."
Skírnir kvað:
"Kostir ro betri
heldr en at klökkva sé,
hveim er fúss er fara;
einu dægri
mér var aldr of skapaðr
of allt líf of lagit."
Gerðr kvað:
"Hvat er þat hlym hlymja,
er ek heyri nú til
ossum rönnum í?
Jörð bifask,
en allir fyrir
skjalfa garðar Gymis."
Ambátt kvað:
"Maðr er hér úti,
stiginn af mars baki,
jó lætr til jarðar taka."
-- -- --
Gerðr kvað:
"Inn bið þú hann ganga
í okkarn sal
ok drekka inn mæra mjöð;
þó ek hitt óumk,
at hér úti sé
minn bróðurbani.
Hvat er þat alfa
né ása sona
né víssa vana?
Hví þú einn of komt
eikinn fúr yfir
ór salkynni at séa?"
Skírnir kvað:
"Emk-at ek alfa
né ása sona
né víssa vana;
þó ek einn of komk
eikinn fúr yfir
yður salkynni at séa."
"Epli ellifu
hér hef ek algullin,
þau mun ek þér, Gerðr, gefa,
frið at kaupa,
at þú þér Frey kveðir
óleiðastan lifa."
Gerðr kvað:
"Epli ellifu
ek þigg aldregi
at mannskis munum,
né vit Freyr,
meðan okkart fjör lifir,
byggjum bæði saman."
Skírnir kvað:
"Baug ek þér þá gef,
þann er brenndr var
með ungum Óðins syni;
átta eru jafnhöfðir,
er af drjúpa
ina níundu hverja nótt."
Gerðr kvað:
"Baug ek þikk-a-k,
þótt brenndr séi
með ungum Óðins syni;
er-a mér gulls vant
í görðum Gymis,
at deila fé föður."
Skírnir kvað:
"Sér þú þenna mæki, mær,
mjóvan, málfáan,
er ek hef í hendi hér?
Höfuð höggva
ek mun þér hálsi af,
nema þú mér sætt segir."
Gerðr kvað:
"Ánauð þola
ek vil aldregi
at mannskis munum;
þó ek hins get,
ef it Gymir finnizk,
vígs ótrauðir,
at ykkr vega tíði."
Skírnir kvað:
"Sér þú þenna mæki, mær,
mjóvan, málfáan,
er ek hef í hendi hér?
Fyr þessum eggjum
hnígr sá inn aldni jötunn,
verðr þinn feigr faðir.
Tamsvendi ek þik drep,
en ek þik temja mun,
mær, at mínum munum;
þar skaltu ganga,
er þik gumna synir
síðan æva séi.
Ara þúfu á
skaltu ár sitja
horfa heimi ór,
snugga heljar til;
matr né þér meir leiðr
en manna hveim
innfráni ormr með firum.
At undrsjónum þú verðir,
er þú út kemr;
á þik Hrímnir hari,
á þik hotvetna stari;
víðkunnari þú verðir
en vörðr með goðum,
gapi þú grindum frá.
Tópi ok ópi,
tjösull ok óþoli,
vaxi þér tár með trega;
sezk þú niðr,
en ek mun segja þér
sváran súsbreka
ok tvennan trega:
Tramar gneypa
þik skulu gerstan dag
jötna görðum í;
til hrímþursa hallar
þú skalt hverjan dag
kranga kostalaus,
kranga kostavön;
grát at gamni
skaltu í gögn hafa
ok leiða með tárum trega.
Með þursi þríhöfðuðum
þú skalt æ nara,
eða verlaus vera;
þitt geð grípi,
þik morn morni;
ver þú sem þistill,
sá er var þrunginn
í önn ofanverða.
Til holts ek gekk
ok til hrás viðar,
gambantein at geta,
gambantein ek gat.
Reiðr er þér Óðinn,
reiðr er þér Ásabragr,
þik skal Freyr fíask,
in firinilla mær,
en þú fengit hefr
gambanreiði goða.
Heyri jötnar,
heyri hrímþursar,
synir Suttungs,
sjalfir ásliðar,
hvé ek fyrbýð,
hvé ek fyrirbanna
manna glaum mani,
manna nyt mani.
Hrímgrímnir heitir þurs,
er þik hafa skal
fyr nágrindr neðan;
þar þér vílmegir
á viðarrótum
geitahland gefi;
æðri drykkju
fá þú aldregi,
mær, af þínum munum,
mær, at mínum munum.
Þurs ríst ek þér
ok þría stafi,
ergi ok æði ok óþola;
svá ek þat af ríst,
sem ek þat á reist,
ef gerask þarfar þess."
Gerðr kvað:
"Heill ver þú nú heldr, sveinn,
ok tak við hrímkálki
fullum forns mjaðar;
þó hafðak ek þat ætlat,
at myndak aldregi
unna vaningja vel."
Skírnir kvað:
"Örendi mín
vil ek öll vita,
áðr ek ríða heim heðan,
nær þú á þingi
munt inum þroska
nenna Njarðar syni."
Gerðr kvað:
"Barri heitir,
er vit bæði vitum,
lundr lognfara;
en eft nætr níu
þar mun Njarðar syni
Gerðr unna gamans."
Þá reið Skírnir heim. Freyr stóð úti ok kvaddi hann ok spurði tíðenda:
"Segðu mér þat, Skírnir,
áðr þú verpir söðli af mar
ok þú stígir feti framar:
Hvat þú árnaðir
í Jötunheima
þíns eða míns munar?"
Skírnir kvað:
"Barri heitir,
er vit báðir vitum,
lundr lognfara;
en eft nætr níu
þar mun Njarðar syni
Gerðr unna gamans."
Freyr kvað:
"Löng er nótt,
langar ro tvær,
hvé of þreyjak þrjár?
Oft mér mánaðr
minni þótti
en sjá half hýnótt."
亨利·亚当斯·贝洛斯1923年英译,已进入公有领域;诗节编号可能与原文不同。
Freyr, the son of Njorth, had sat one day in Hlithskjolf, and looked over all the worlds. He looked into Jotunheim, and saw there a fair maiden, as she went from her father's house to her bower. Forthwith he felt a mighty love-sickness. Skirnir was the name of Freyr’s servant; Njorth bade him ask speech of Freyr. He said:
"Go now, Skirnir! and seek to gain
Speech from my son;
And answer to win, for whom the wise one
Is mightily moved."
Skirnir spake: 2.
"Ill words do I now await from thy son,
If I seek to get speech with him,
And answer to win, for whom the wise one
Is mightily moved."
Skirnir spake: 3.
"Speak prithee, Freyr, foremost of the gods,
For now I fain would know;
Why sittest thou here in the wide halls,
Days long, my prince, alone?"
Freyr spake: 4.
"How shall I tell thee, thou hero young,
Of all my grief so great?
Though every day the elfbeam dawns,
It lights my longing never."
Skirnir spake: 5.
"Thy longings, methinks, are not so large
That thou mayst not tell them to me;
Since in days of yore we were young together,
We two might each other trust."
Freyr spake: 6.
"From Gymir's house I beheld go forth
A maiden dear to me;
Her arms glittered, and from their gleam
Shone all the sea and sky.
"To me more dear than in days of old
Was ever maiden to man;
But no one of gods or elves will grant
That we both together should be."
Skirnir spake: 8.
"Then give me the horse that goes through the dark
And magic flickering flames;
And the sword as well that fights of itself
Against the giants grim."
Freyr spake: 9.
"The horse will I give thee that goes through the dark
And magic flickering flames,
And the sword as well that will fight of itself
If a worthy hero wields it."
Skirnir spake to the horse: 10.
"Dark is it without, and I deem it time
To fare through the wild fells,
(To fare through the giants' fastness;)
We shall both come back, or us both together
The terrible giant will take."
Skirnir rode into Jotunheim to Gymir's house. There were fierce dogs bound before the gate of the fence which was around Gerth's hall. He rode to where a herdsman sat on a hill, and said:
"Tell me, herdsman, sitting on the hill,
And watching all the ways,
How may I win a word with the maid
Past the hounds of Gymir here?"
The herdsman spake: 12.
"Art thou doomed to die or already dead,
Thou horseman that ridest hither?
Barred from speech shalt thou ever be
With Gymir's daughter good."
Skirnir spake: 13.
"Boldness is better than plaints can be
For him whose feet must fare; To a destined day has mine age been doomed,
And my life's span thereto laid."
Gerth spake: 14.
"What noise is that which now so loud
I hear within our house?
The ground shakes, and the home of Gymir
Around me trembles too."
The Serving-Maid spake: 15.
"One stands without who has leapt from his steed,
And lets his horse loose to graze;"
..................
..............
Gerth spake: 16.
"Bid the man come in, and drink good mead
Here within our hall;
Though this I fear, that there without
My brother's slayer stands.
"Art thou of the elves or the offspring of gods,
Or of the wise Wanes?
How camst thou alone through the leaping flame
Thus to behold our home?"
Skirnir spake: 18.
"I am not of the elves, nor the offspring of gods,
Nor of the wise Wanes;
Though I came alone through the leaping flame
Thus to behold thy home.
"Eleven apples, all of gold,
Here will I give thee, Gerth,
To buy thy troth that Freyr shall be
Deemed to be dearest to you."
Gerth spake: 20.
"I will not take at any man's wish
These eleven apples ever;
Nor shall Freyr and I one dwelling find
So long as we two live."
Skirnir spake: 21.
"Then do I bring thee the ring that was burned Of old with Othin's son;
From it do eight of like weight fall
On every ninth night."
Gerth spake: 22.
"The ring I wish not, though burned it was
Of old with Othin's son;
In Gymir's home is no lack of gold
In the wealth my father wields."
Skirnir spake: 23.
"Seest thou, maiden, this keen, bright sword
That I hold here in my hand?
Thy head from thy neck shall I straightway hew,
If thou wilt not do my will."
Gerth spake: 24.
"For no man's sake will I ever suffer
To be thus moved by might;
But gladly, methinks, will Gymir seek
To fight if he finds thee here."
Skirnir spake: 25.
"Seest thou, maiden, this keen, bright sword
That I hold here in my hand? Before its blade the old giant bends,—
Thy father is doomed to die.
"I strike thee, maid, with my magic staff,
To tame thee to work my will;
There shalt thou go where never again
The sons of men shall see thee.
"On the eagle's hill shalt thou ever sit,
And gaze on the gates of Hel;
More loathsome to thee than the light-hued snake
To men, shall thy meat become.
"Fearful to see, if thou comest forth,
Hrimnir will stand and stare,
(Men will marvel at thee;) More famed shalt thou grow than the watchman of the gods!
Peer forth, then, from thy prison.
"Rage and longing, fetters and wrath,
Tears and torment are thine;
Where thou sittest down my doom is on thee
Of heavy heart
And double dole.
"In the giants' home shall vile things harm thee
Each day with evil deeds;
Grief shalt thou get instead of gladness,
And sorrow to suffer with tears.
"With three-headed giants thou shalt dwell ever,
Or never know a husband;
(Let longing grip thee, let wasting waste thee,—) Be like to the thistle that in the loft
Was cast and there was crushed.
"I go to the wood, and to the wet forest,
To win a magic wand;
..................
I won a magic wand.
"Othin grows angry, angered is the best of the gods,
Freyr shall be thy foe,
Most evil maid, who the magic wrath
Of gods hast got for thyself.
"Give heed, frost-rulers, hear it, giants.
Sons of Suttung,
And gods, ye too,
How I forbid and how I ban
The meeting of men with the maid,
(The joy of men with the maid.)
"Hrimgrimnir is he, the giant who shall have thee
In the depth by the doors of Hel;
To the frost-giants' halls each day shalt thou fare,
Crawling and craving in vain,
(Crawling and having no hope.)
"Base wretches there by the root of the tree
Will hold for thee horns of filth;
A fairer drink shalt thou never find,
Maid, to meet thy wish,
(Maid, to meet my wish.)
"I write thee a charm and three runes therewith,
Longing and madness and lust;
But what I have writ I may yet unwrite
If I find a need therefor."
Gerth spake: 38.
"Find welcome rather, and with it take
The frost-cup filled with mead;
Though I did not believe that I should so love
Ever one of the Wanes."
Skirnir spake: 39.
"My tidings all must I truly learn
Ere homeward hence I ride:
How soon thou wilt with the mighty son
Of Njorth a meeting make."
Gerth spake: 40.
Barri there is, which we both know well,
A forest fair and still;
And nine nights hence to the son of Njorth
Will Gerth there grant delight."
Then Skirnir rode home. Freyr stood without, and spoke to him, and asked for tidings:
"Tell me, Skirnir, ere thou take off the saddle,
Or farest forward a step:
What hast thou done in the giants' dwelling
To make glad thee or me?"
Skirnir spake: 42.
"Barri there is, which we both know well,
A forest fair and still;
And nine nights hence to the son of Njorth
Will Gerth there grant delight."
Freyr spake: 43.
"Long is one night, longer are two;
How then shall I bear three?
Often to me has a month seemed less
Than now half a night of desire."
本简体中文译文由 AI 根据古诺尔斯语原文翻译,并参考英文译文。
“起来吧,斯基尔尼尔,
快去求见
我们两人的儿子,和他谈谈,
问一问,
是谁惹得那睿智的男子
如此恼怒。”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“我料想你们的儿子
会对我恶语相向,
倘若我去和他交谈,
问一问,
是谁惹得那睿智的男子
如此恼怒。”
“告诉我吧,弗雷,
统领众神军旅的君主,
我想知道:
你为何独自坐在
这长长的厅堂里,
我的主人,终日如此?”
弗雷说:
“年轻的男子,
我为何要向你诉说
心头这深重的悲苦?
精灵的日轮
每天都照耀大地,
却照不亮我的心愿。”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“我想你的心事
还不至于沉重到
不能向我诉说,朋友,
因为早年间
我们曾一同年少,
彼此尽可相互信赖。”
弗雷说:
“在吉密尔的庭院里,
我看见一位少女走过,
她令我倾心;
她双臂发出的光辉,
从那里照亮了
整片天空和海洋。”
“这少女于我,比起
往昔任何年轻男子的心上人,
都更加可爱;
阿萨神族和精灵之中,
却没有谁愿意
让我们结为伴侣。”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“那么给我一匹马,
能载我稳稳穿越
幽暗摇曳的火焰,
再给我那柄剑,
它能自行作战,
对抗巨人一族。”
弗雷说:
“我给你那匹马,
它能载你稳稳穿越
幽暗摇曳的火焰,
也给你那柄剑,
它会自行作战,
只要持剑的人足够明智。”
斯基尔尼尔对马说:
“外面一片黑暗,
我说我们该动身了,
翻越露水沾湿的群山,
越过巨人的国土;
要么我们双双归来,
要么那强横的巨人
将我们两个一并擒住。”
斯基尔尼尔骑马来到约顿海姆的吉密尔庄园。格尔德的厅堂外有一道木栅,栅门前拴着凶猛的狗。他骑到一个坐在土丘上的牧人跟前,向他问道:
“告诉我,牧人,
你坐在土丘上,
守望着所有道路:
我怎样才能避过
吉密尔的恶犬,
与那年轻的姑娘交谈?”
牧人说:
“你是死期将至,
还是已经死去?
—— —— ——
你永远也休想
同吉密尔那善良的女儿
说上一句话。”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“对于决意赶路的人,
总有比畏缩哀叹
更好的选择;
我的寿数早已定下,
一生的尽头
早已落在某一天。”
格尔德说:
“这是什么轰隆声,
此刻传进
我们的厅堂?
大地震动,
吉密尔的整个庄园
都随之颤抖。”
侍女说:
“外面来了一个人,
已经下了马,
正让马低头吃草。”
—— —— ——
格尔德说:
“你请他进来,
到我们的厅堂里,
喝上好的蜜酒;
不过我心中害怕,
站在外面的,
会是杀死我兄弟的人。
你是哪一位精灵,
哪一位阿萨神族的子孙,
或是哪一位睿智的华纳神族?
你为何独自前来,
越过熊熊烈火,
探看我们的居所?”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“我并非精灵,
也非阿萨神族的子孙,
也非睿智的华纳神族;
不过我确实独自前来,
越过熊熊烈火,
探看你们的居所。”
“我这里有
十一颗纯金苹果,
格尔德,我愿将它们送给你,
换取你的爱情,
让你说,活着的人里,
弗雷最称你的心意。”
格尔德说:
“这十一颗苹果,
我绝不会收下,
去满足任何男子的欲望,
我和弗雷,
只要彼此还活着,
就绝不会共同生活。”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“那么我送你那枚臂环,
它曾与
奥丁年轻的儿子一同焚烧;
每逢第九夜,
它都会滴落
八枚同样重的臂环。”
格尔德说:
“那枚臂环我不会收,
纵然它曾与
奥丁年轻的儿子一同焚烧;
在吉密尔的庭院里,
我并不缺少黄金,
父亲的财富任我支配。”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“姑娘,你看见这柄剑了吗?
剑身细长,饰有花纹,
就在我的手中。
我会把你的头颅
从颈上砍下,
除非你答应与我和解。”
格尔德说:
“我绝不愿意
忍受强迫,
去满足任何男子的欲望;
不过我料想,
倘若你与吉密尔相遇,
你们两个都不畏争斗,
必定会渴望交战。”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“姑娘,你看见这柄剑了吗?
剑身细长,饰有花纹,
就在我的手中。
在这剑锋之下,
那年老的巨人将会倒下,
你的父亲注定要死。
我要用驯服之杖击打你,
我要把你驯服,
姑娘,让你顺从我的意愿;
你将走到一个地方,
此后人类的子孙
再也见不到你。
你将清早坐在
鹰栖息的土丘上,
背对人世,
朝着赫尔的国度张望;
食物将使你厌恶,
胜过人世间任何人
对那闪亮毒蛇的厌恶。
你一走到外面,
就会成为众人惊看的怪物;
赫里姆尼尔将瞪视你,
万物都将盯着你;
你的名声将比
众神的守望者还要响亮,
你将在栅门后张口呆望。
愿癫狂与哀号,
折磨与躁欲缠住你,
愿你的眼泪伴着悲苦增长;
坐下吧,
我要向你宣告
沉重的忧患,
双重的悲伤:
恶魔将整日
凌虐你,
在巨人的庭院里;
你将每天
向霜巨人的厅堂
蹒跚爬去,毫无选择,
蹒跚爬去,无计可施;
你得到的将是哭泣,
代替欢乐,
以眼泪消磨悲苦。
你将与一个三头巨人
永远凄惨地过活,
否则便永无丈夫;
愿狂念攫住你,
愿枯愁使你枯萎;
愿你像一株蓟草,
在收获将尽之时,
被压入草堆深处。
我走进树林,
走向鲜活的林木,
去寻找威力强大的魔杖,
我找到了威力强大的魔杖。
奥丁向你发怒,
阿萨神族的魁首向你发怒,
弗雷将憎恨你,
你这恶毒至极的姑娘,
因为你已招来
众神威猛的怒火。
巨人们,听着,
霜巨人们,听着,
苏图恩的子孙们,
阿萨神族的众位神明,
听我如何禁止,
如何严令断绝
这姑娘与男子相欢,
这姑娘从男子那里获得欢愉。
有个巨人名叫赫里姆格里姆尼尔,
他将占有你,
在死者之门下方;
在那里,苦难之子们
将在树根边
给你山羊尿喝;
你将永远得不到
更好的饮料,
姑娘,任凭你如何渴望,
姑娘,一切都依我的意愿。
我为你刻下‘巨人’符文,
再刻三个符文:
淫欲、癫狂、躁动不安;
我怎样将它们刻上,
也能怎样将它们刮去,
倘若有此必要。”
格尔德说:
“那么,少年,愿你安好,
请接下这只霜杯,
盛满陈年的蜜酒;
不过我原先以为,
自己永远不会
爱上一位华纳神族。”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“我此行的使命,
我要知道是否全已办妥,
然后才能从这里骑马回家:
你将在何时相会,
愿意亲近
尼约德那强盛的儿子?”
格尔德说:
“有一处名叫巴里,
你我都知道,
那是一片静谧的树林;
九夜之后,
格尔德将在那里
让尼约德之子尽享欢愉。”
随后斯基尔尼尔骑马回家。弗雷站在外面,向他招呼,询问消息:
“斯基尔尼尔,告诉我,
趁你还没卸下马鞍,
还没再向前迈出一步:
你在约顿海姆
办成了什么事,
称了你的心,或是我的意?”
斯基尔尼尔说:
“有一处名叫巴里,
你我都知道,
那是一片静谧的树林;
九夜之后,
格尔德将在那里
让尼约德之子尽享欢愉。”
弗雷说:
“一夜漫长,
两夜更长,
三夜我又如何熬过?
往往整整一个月,
在我看来也比
这半个相思之夜短。”