《西格德莉法之歌》的原典

"Hvat beit brynju?
Hví brá ek svefni?
Hverr felldi af mér
fölvar nauðir?"
Hann svaraði:
"Sigmundar burr,
- sleit fyr skömmu
hrafn hrælundir, -
hjörr Sigurðar!"
Hon kvað:

"Lengi ek svaf,
lengi ek sofnuð var,
löng eru lýða læ;
Óðinn því veldr,
er ek eigi máttak
bregða blundstöfum."
Sigurðr settist niðr ok spyrr hana nafns. Hon tók þá horn fullt mjaðar ok gaf honum minnisveig:

"Heill dagr!
Heilir dags synir!
Heil nótt ok nift!
Óreiðum augum
lítið okkr þinig
ok gefið sitjöndum sigr!

Heilir æsir!
Heilar ásynjur!
Heil sjá in fjölnýta fold!
Mál ok mannvit
gefið okkr mærum tveim
ok læknishendr, meðan lifum."
Hon nefndist Sigrdrífa ok var valkyrja. Hon sagði, at tveir konungar börðust. Hét annarr Hjálmgunnarr. Hann var þá gamall ok inn mesti hermaðr, ok hafði Óðinn hánum sigri heitit en
"annarr hét Agnarr,
Auðu bróðir,
er vætr engi
vildi þiggja."
Sigrdrífa felldi Hjálmgunnarr í orrustunni, en Óðinn stakk hana svefnþorni í hefnd þess ok kvað hana aldri skyldu síðan sigr vega í orrustu ok kvað hana giftast skyldu - "en ek sagðak hánum, at ek strengðak heit þar í mót at giftast engum þeim manni, er hræðast kynni." Hann segir ok biðr hana kenna sér speki, ef hon vissi tíðindi ór öllum heimum. Sigrdrífa kvað:

"Bjór færi ek þér,
brynþings apaldr,
magni blandinn
ok megintíri;
fullr er hann ljóða
ok líknstafa,
góðra galdra
ok gamanrúna.

Sigrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú vilt sigr hafa,
ok rísta á hjalti hjörs,
sumar á véttrimum,
sumar á valböstum,
ok nefna tysvar Tý.

Ölrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú vill annars kvæn
véli-t þik í tryggð, ef þú trúir;
á horni skal þær rísta
ok á handar baki
ok merkja á nagli Nauð.

Full skal signa
ok við fári sjá
ok verpa lauki í lög;
þá ek þat veit,
at þér verðr aldri
meinblandinn mjöðr.

Bjargrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú bjarga vilt
ok leysa kind frá konum;
á lófum þær skal rísta
ok of liðu spenna
ok biðja þá dísir duga.

Brimrúnar skaltu rísta,
ef þú vilt borgit hafa
á sundi seglmörum;
á stafni skal rísta
ok á stjórnarblaði
ok leggja eld í ár,
er-a svá brattr breki
né svá bláar unnir,
þó kemstu heill af hafi.

Limrúnar skaltu kunna,
af þú vilt læknir vera,
ok kunna sár at sjá;
á berki skal þær rísta
ok á baðmi viðar,
þeim er lúta austr limar.

Málrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú vilt, at manngi þér
heiftum gjaldi harm:
þær of vindr,
þær of vefr,
þær of setr allar saman
á því þingi,
er þjóðir skulu
í fulla dóma fara.

Hugrúnar skaltu kunna,
ef þú vilt hverjum vera
geðsvinnari guma;
þær of réð,
þær of reist,
þær of hugði Hroftr
af þeim legi,
er lekit hafði
ór hausi Heiðdraupnis
ok ór horni Hoddrofnis.

Á bjargi stóð
með Brimis eggjar,
hafði sér á höfði hjalm;
þá mælti Mímis höfuð
fróðligt it fyrsta orð
ok sagði sanna stafi.

Á skildi kvað ristnar,
þeim er stendr fyr skínandi goði,
á eyra Árvakrs
ok á Alsvinns hófi,
á því hvéli, er snýsk
undir reið Hrungnis,
á Sleipnis tönnum
ok á sleða fjötrum.

Á bjarnar hrammi
ok á Braga tungu,
á ulfs klóum
ok á arnar nefi,
á blóðgum vængjum
ok á brúar sporði,
á lausnar lófa
ok á líknar spori.

Á gleri ok á gulli
ok á gumna heillum,
í víni ok í virtri
ok vilisessi,
á Gugnis oddi
ok á Grana brjósti,
á nornar nagli
ok á nefi uglu.

Allar váru af skafnar,
þær er váru á ristnar,
ok hverfðar við inn helga mjöð
ok sendar á víða vega;
þær ro með ásum,
þær ro með alfum,
sumar með vísum vönum
sumar hafa mennskir menn.

Þat eru bókrúnar,
þat eru bjargrúnar
ok allar ölrúnar
ok mætar meginrúnar,
hveim er þær kná óvilltar
ok óspilltar
sér at heillum hafa;
njóttu, ef þú namst,
unz rjúfask regin.

Nú skaltu kjósa,
alls þér er kostr of boðinn,
hvassa vápna hlynr;
sögn eða þögn
hafðu þér sjalfr í hug;
öll eru mein of metin."
Sigurðr kvað:

"Munk-a ek flæja,
þótt mik feigan vitir,
emk-a ek með bleyði borinn;
ástráð þín
ek vil öll hafa;
svá lengi sem ek lifi."
Sigrdrífa kvað:

"Þat ræð ek þér it fyrsta,
at þú við frændr þína
vammalaust verir;
síðr þú hefnir,
þótt þeir sakar geri;
þat kveða dauðum duga.

Þat ræð ek þér annat,
at þú eið né sverir,
nema þann er saðr sé;
grimmar limar
ganga at tryggðrofi;
armr er vára vargr.

Þat ræð ek þér þriðja,
at þú þingi á
deili-t við heimska hali,
því að ósviðr maðr
lætur oft kveðin
verri orð en viti.

Allt er vant,
ef þú við þegir,
þá þykkir þú með bleyði borinn
eða sönnu sagðr;
hættr er heimis kviðr,
nema sér góðan geti; -
annars dags
láttu hans öndu farit,
ok launa svá lýðum lygi.

Þat ræð ek þér it fjórða,
ef býr fordæða
vammafull á vegi,
ganga er betra
en giska sé,
þótt þik nótt of nemi.

Fornjósnar augu
þurfu fira synir,
hvars skulu vreiðir vega;
oft bölvísar konur
sitja brautu nær,
þær er deyfa sverð ok sefa.

Þat ræð ek þér it fimmta,
þóttú fagrar séir
brúðir bekkjum á,
sifja silfr
lát-a-ðu þínum svefni ráða;
teygj-at-tu þér at kossi konur.

Þat ræð ek þér it sétta,
þótt með seggjum fari
ölðrmál til öfug,
drukkin deila
skal-at-tu við dolgviðu;
margan stelr vín viti.

Söngr ok öl
hefr seggjum verit
mörgum at móðtrega,
sumum at bana,
sumum at bölstöfum;
fjölð er, þat er fira tregr.

Þat ræð ek þér it sjaunda,
ef þú sakar deilir
við hugfulla hali,
berjask er betra
en brenna sé
inni auðstöfum.

Þat ræð ek þér it átta,
at þú skalt við illu sjá
ok firrask flærðarstafi;
mey þú teygj-at
né manns konu
né eggja ofgamans.

Þat ræð ek þér it níunda,
at þú náum bjargir,
hvars þú á foldu finnr,
hvárts eru sóttdauðir
eða eru sædauðir
eða eru vápndauðir verar.

Laug skal gera,
þeim er liðnir eru,
þváa hendr ok höfuð,
kemba ok þerra,
áðr í kistu fari,
ok biðja sælan sofa.

Þat ræð ek þér it tíunda,
at þú trúir aldregi
várum vargdropa,
hvárstu ert bróður bani
eða hafir þú felldan föður;
ulfr er í ungum syni,
þó sé hann gulli gladdr.

Sakar ok heiftir
hyggja-t svefngar vera
né harm in heldr;
vits ok vápna
vant er jöfri at fá
þeim er skal fremstr með firum.

Þat ræð ek þér it ellifta,
at þú við illu séir
hvern veg at vini;
langt líf þykkjumk-a-k
lofðungs vita;
römm eru róg of risin."

"What bit through the byrnie? how was broken my sleep?
Who made me free of the fetters pale?"

He answered:
"Sigmund's son, with Sigurth's sword,
That late with flesh hath fed the ravens."

"Hail, day! Hail, sons of day!
And night and her daughter now!
Look on us here with loving eyes,
That waiting we victory win.

"Hail to the gods! Ye goddesses, hail,
And all the generous earth!
Give to us wisdom and goodly speech,
And healing hands, life-long.

"Long did I sleep, my slumber was long,
And long are the griefs of life;
Othin decreed that I could not break
The heavy spells of sleep."

The other was Agnar, brother of Autha,
None he found who fain would shield him.

"Beer I bring thee, tree of battle,
Mingled of strength and mighty fame;
Charms it holds and healing signs,
Spells full good, and gladness-runes."

******

Winning-runes learn, if thou longest to win,
And the runes on thy sword-hilt write;
Some on the furrow, and some on the flat,
And twice shalt thou call on Tyr.

Ale-runes learn, that with lies the wife
Of another betray not thy trust; On the horn thou shalt write, and the backs of thy hands,
And Need shalt mark on thy nails.
Thou shalt bless the draught, and danger escape,
And cast a leek in the cup;
(For so I know thou never shalt see
Thy mead with evil mixed.)

Birth-runes learn, if help thou wilt lend,
The babe from the mother to bring;
On thy palms shalt write them, and round thy joints,
And ask the fates to aid.

Wave-runes learn, if well thou wouldst shelter
The sail-steeds out on the sea;
On the stem shalt thou write, and the steering-blade,
And burn them into the oars;
Though high be the breakers, and black the waves,
Thou shalt safe the harbor seek.

Branch-runes learn, if a healer wouldst be,
And cure for wounds wouldst work; On the bark shalt thou write, and on trees that be
With boughs to the eastward bent.

Speech-runes learn, that none may seek
To answer harm with hate;
Well he winds and weaves them all,
And sets them side by side,
At the judgment-place, when justice there
The folk shall fairly win.

Thought-runes learn, if all shall think
Thou art keenest minded of men.

******

Them Hropt arranged, and them he wrote,
And them in thought he made, Out of the draught that down had dropped
From the head of Heithdraupnir,
And the horn of Hoddrofnir.

On the mountain he stood with Brimir's sword,
On his head the helm he bore;
Then first the head of Mim spoke forth,
And words of truth it told.

******

He bade write on the shield before the shining goddess,
On Arvak's ear, and on Alsvith's hoof,
On the wheel of the car of Hrungnir's killer,
On Sleipnir's teeth, and the straps of the sledge.

On the paws of the bear, and on Bragi's tongue, On the wolf's claws bared, and the eagle's beak,
On bloody wings, and bridge's end,
On freeing hands and helping foot-prints.

On glass and on gold, and on goodly charms,
In wine and in beer, and on well-loved seats,
On Gungnir's point, and on Grani's breast,
On the nails of Norns, and the night-owl's beak.

******

Shaved off were the runes that of old were written,
And mixed with the holy mead,
And sent on ways so wide;
So the gods had them, so the elves got them,
And some for the Wanes so wise,
And some for mortal men.

Beech-runes are there, birth-runes are there,
And all the runes of ale, And the magic runes of might;
Who knows them rightly and reads them true,
Has them himself to help;
Ever they aid,
Till the gods are gone.

******

Brynhild spake: 20.
"Now shalt thou choose, for the choice is given,
Thou tree of the biting blade;
Speech or silence, 'tis thine to say,
Our evil is destined all."

Sigurth spake: 21.
"I shall not flee, though my fate be near,
I was born not a coward to be; Thy loving word for mine will I win,
As long as I shall live."

******

Then first I rede thee, that free of guilt
Toward kinsmen ever thou art;
No vengeance have, though they work thee harm,
Reward after death thou shalt win.

Then second I rede thee, to swear no oath
If true thou knowest it not;
Bitter the fate of the breaker of troth,
And poor is the wolf of his word.

Then third I rede thee, that thou at the Thing
Shalt fight not in words with fools;
For the man unwise a worser word
Than he thinks doth utter oft.

Ill it is if silent thou art,
A coward born men call thee,
And truth mayhap they tell; Seldom safe is fame,
Unless wide renown be won;
On the day thereafter send him to death,
Let him pay the price of his lies.

Then fourth I rede thee, if thou shalt find
A wily witch on thy road,
It is better to go than her guest to be,
Though night enfold thee fast.

Eyes that see need the sons of men
Who fight in battle fierce;
Oft witches evil sit by the way,
Who blade and courage blunt.

Then fifth I rede thee, though maidens fair
Thou seest on benches sitting,
Let the silver of kinship not rob thee of sleep,
And the kissing of women beware.

Then sixth I rede thee, if men shall wrangle,
And ale-talk rise to wrath,
No words with a drunken warrior have,
For wine steals many men's wits.

Brawls and ale full oft have been
An ill to many a man,
Death for some, and sorrow for some;
Full many the woes of men.

Then seventh I rede thee, if battle thou seekest
With a foe that is full of might;
It is better to fight than to burn alive
In the hall of the hero rich.

Then eighth I rede thee, that evil thou shun,
And beware of lying words;
Take not a maid, nor the wife of a man,
Nor lure them on to lust.

Then ninth I rede thee: burial render
If thou findest a fallen corpse,
Of sickness dead, or dead in the sea,
Or dead of weapons' wounds.

A bath shalt thou give them who corpses be, And hands and head shalt wash;
Wipe them and comb, ere they go in the coffin,
And pray that they sleep in peace.

Then tenth I rede thee, that never thou trust
The word of the race of wolves,
(If his brother thou broughtest to death,
Or his father thou didst fell;)
Often a wolf in a son there is,
Though gold he gladly takes.

Battle and hate and harm, methinks,
Full seldom fall asleep;
Wits and weapons the warrior needs
If boldest of men he would be.

Then eleventh I rede thee, that wrath thou shun,
And treachery false with thy friends;
Not long the leader's life shall be,
For great are the foes he faces.

“什么咬穿了锁甲？
我为何从睡梦中惊醒？
是谁为我卸下
苍白的桎梏？”
他答道：
“西格蒙德之子，
——不久之前，乌鸦
还在撕扯尸身，——
西格尔德的剑！”
她说道：

“我睡了很久，
我沉睡了很久，
世人的苦难何其漫长；
这是奥丁所为，
使我无法
破除沉睡的咒符。”
西格尔德坐下来，问她的名字。她便拿起一只盛满蜜酒的角杯，递给他一杯唤起记忆的酒：

“向白昼致敬！
向白昼的儿子们致敬！
向黑夜和她的女儿致敬！
请以无怒的目光
望向我们这里，
赐予坐在此地的我们胜利！

向阿萨神族致敬！
向诸位女神致敬！
向这广施恩惠的大地致敬！
请赐予我们这声名显赫的两人
口才与智慧，
还有治愈的双手，伴随我们一生。”
她说自己名叫西格德莉法，是一位女武神。她说，曾有两位国王交战。其中一位名叫希亚尔姆贡纳尔。他当时已年老，是一位极其英勇的战士，奥丁曾许诺让他获胜；而
“另一位名叫阿格纳尔，
是奥达的兄弟，
没有谁愿意
庇护他。”
西格德莉法在战斗中杀死了希亚尔姆贡纳尔。奥丁为报复此事，用睡眠之刺刺中了她，说她此后永远不得再于战场上裁定胜负，又说她必须嫁人——“但我告诉他，我也立下誓言作为回应，绝不嫁给任何懂得畏惧的男人。”他开口，请她把智慧传授给自己，倘若她知晓所有世界中的事情。西格德莉法说道：

“我为你奉上啤酒，
铠甲交锋之会的苹果树啊，
酒中调入了力量
与盛大的荣耀；
其中满是歌咒
与抚慰的符文，
有益的法术
与欢悦的卢恩符文。

你须懂得胜利的卢恩符文，
若你想赢得胜利，
便将它们刻在剑柄上，
一些刻在护手的沟槽，
一些刻在剑柄的平面，
并两次呼唤提尔。

你须懂得啤酒的卢恩符文，
若你不愿别人的妻子
在你信任她时，背信欺骗你；
须将它们刻在角杯上，
刻在手背上，
并在指甲上刻下“困厄”符文。

须为杯中之酒祝祷，
提防灾祸，
再将一根葱投入酒中；
这样我便知道，
你喝的蜜酒
永不会掺入害人的东西。

你须懂得助产的卢恩符文，
若你想施以援手，
使婴儿脱离母体；
须将它们刻在掌心，
缠绕在关节周围，
再祈求女灵相助。

你须刻下波涛的卢恩符文，
若你想保全
水上扬帆的骏马；
须将它们刻在船首，
刻在舵叶上，
再以火灼入船桨，
任凭浪头多么陡峭，
任凭波涛多么幽暗，
你仍能安然渡过海洋。

你须懂得枝条的卢恩符文，
若你想成为医者，
懂得诊治创伤；
须将它们刻在树皮上，
刻在树干上，
那树的枝条须向东低垂。

你须懂得言辞的卢恩符文，
若你不愿任何人
怀着仇恨报偿你的伤害：
须将它们缠绕，
须将它们编织，
须将它们全都排列在一起，
就在那集会上，
人们将在那里
走入正式的审判。

你须懂得心智的卢恩符文，
若你想比每一个人
都更聪慧敏锐；
赫罗夫特解读了它们，
刻写了它们，
思索出了它们，
凭借那酒液，
它曾经滴落，
从海德德劳普尼尔的头颅，
从霍德罗夫尼尔的角杯。

他站在山岩上，
手持布里米尔的利刃，
头上戴着头盔；
那时密米尔的头颅
说出了最初的睿智话语，
道出了真实的符文。

他说，它们刻在盾上，
那盾立在光耀的神明之前，
刻在阿尔瓦克的耳上，
刻在阿尔斯温的蹄上，
刻在那转动的轮上，
轮上载着赫朗格尼尔的车，
刻在斯雷普尼尔的牙齿上，
刻在雪橇的系带上。

刻在熊掌上，
刻在布拉吉的舌上，
刻在狼爪上，
刻在鹰喙上，
刻在染血的翅膀上，
刻在桥的尽头，
刻在解救的手掌上，
刻在抚慰的足迹上。

刻在玻璃上，刻在黄金上，
刻在人们的护符上，
融在葡萄酒中，融在麦芽汁中，
刻在心爱的座位上，
刻在冈格尼尔的矛尖上，
刻在格拉尼的胸前，
刻在诺伦的指甲上，
刻在猫头鹰的喙上。

凡是刻下的符文，
全都被刮了下来，
调入神圣的蜜酒，
送往四面八方；
有些在阿萨神族那里，
有些在精灵那里，
有些在睿智的华纳神族那里，
有些归凡世的人们所有。

这些是文字的卢恩符文，
这些是助产的卢恩符文，
还有所有啤酒的卢恩符文，
以及珍贵的强力卢恩符文，
谁能使它们不被误解，
不被损毁，
便能借它们为自己求福；
你若学会，便善用它们，
直到诸神毁灭。

如今你须作出选择，
既然已给了你选择的机会，
锋利兵刃的枫树啊；
要我说话，还是沉默，
由你自己心中决定；
一切灾祸都已注定。”
西格尔德说道：

“我绝不逃走，
纵然你知道我将死，
我并非生来怯懦；
你出于关爱的忠告，
我愿全部领受，
只要我还活着。”
西格德莉法说道：

“这是我给你的第一条忠告：
你对自己的亲族
须无可指摘；
即使他们挑起争端，
也不要轻易报复；
人说这对死者有益。

这是我给你的第二条忠告：
不要立誓，
除非那誓言真实无欺；
残酷的刑罚
将落在背信者身上；
背弃誓约的恶狼下场悲惨。

这是我给你的第三条忠告：
在集会上，
不要同愚人争辩，
因为无知的人
说出口的话，往往
比心里想的更恶毒。

处处皆是难处，
若你默然承受，
人便以为你生来怯懦，
或以为他说中了实情；
世人的评说危险，
除非你赢得好名声；——
到了第二天，
便让他断了气，
如此报偿说谎的人。

这是我给你的第四条忠告：
若有一个邪恶的女巫
住在你途经的路上，
继续赶路
胜过留宿，
即使黑夜将你笼罩。

世人的子孙
需要能预察的眼睛，
无论何处将有愤怒的人交战；
精于邪术的女人
常坐在道路附近，
使剑锋变钝，使心志消沉。

这是我给你的第五条忠告：
即使你看见美丽的
女子坐在长凳上，
也别让姻亲的白银
支配你的睡眠；
不要引诱女人与你亲吻。

这是我给你的第六条忠告：
即使在人群中
酒后的话语转为争吵，
也不要醉着
同战士争辩；
酒夺走许多人的理智。

歌声与啤酒
曾使许多男子
心中悲苦，
使一些人丧命，
使一些人遭灾；
令人忧伤的事情何其多。

这是我给你的第七条忠告：
若你与勇猛的男子
结下争端，
奋起交战
胜过让富有的人
被烧死在屋里。

这是我给你的第八条忠告：
你须提防邪恶，
远离欺诈之事；
不要引诱少女，
也不要引诱他人的妻子，
更不要挑动放纵的情欲。

这是我给你的第九条忠告：
你须安葬死者，
无论在何处的土地上发现他们，
无论他们死于疾病，
还是死于海中，
还是死于兵刃之下。

须为逝去的人
备好沐浴之水，
洗净双手与头颅，
梳好头发，擦干身体，
然后再将他们入棺，
祈愿他们安然长眠。

这是我给你的第十条忠告：
永远不要相信
恶狼后裔的誓言，
无论你杀了他的兄弟，
还是斩杀了他的父亲；
年幼的儿子心中藏着狼，
纵然黄金能使他欢喜。

争端与仇恨，
不要以为它们会沉睡，
悲痛也同样不会；
智慧与武器，
君王很难求得，
若他要在人群中居于首位。

这是我给你的第十一条忠告：
你须提防祸患，
处处留心朋友；
在我看来，这位君王
不会享有长寿；
激烈的争斗已经兴起。”