《高人的箴言》的原典
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古诺尔斯语原文采用冰岛学者 Guðni Jónsson 编订版本的规范拼写。
Gáttir allar,
áðr gangi fram,
um skoðask skyli,
um skyggnast skyli,
því at óvíst er at vita,
hvar óvinir
sitja á fleti fyrir.
Gefendr heilir!
Gestr er inn kominn,
hvar skal sitja sjá?
Mjök er bráðr,
sá er á bröndum skal
síns of freista frama.
Elds er þörf,
þeims inn er kominn
ok á kné kalinn;
matar ok váða
er manni þörf,
þeim er hefr um fjall farit.
Vatns er þörf,
þeim er til verðar kemr,
þerru ok þjóðlaðar,
góðs of æðis,
ef sér geta mætti,
orðs ok endrþögu.
Vits er þörf,
þeim er víða ratar;
dælt er heima hvat;
at augabragði verðr,
sá er ekki kann
ok með snotrum sitr.
At hyggjandi sinni
skyli-t maðr hræsinn vera,
heldr gætinn at geði;
þá er horskr ok þögull
kemr heimisgarða til,
sjaldan verðr víti vörum,
því at óbrigðra vin
fær maðr aldregi
en mannvit mikit.
Inn vari gestr,
er til verðar kemr,
þunnu hljóði þegir,
eyrum hlýðir,
en augum skoðar;
svá nýsisk fróðra hverr fyrir.
Hinn er sæll,
er sér of getr
lof ok líknstafi;
ódælla er við þat,
er maðr eiga skal
annars brjóstum í.
Sá er sæll,
er sjalfr of á
lof ok vit, meðan lifir;
því at ill ráð
hefr maðr oft þegit
annars brjóstum ór.
Byrði betri
berr-at maðr brautu at
en sé mannvit mikit;
auði betra
þykkir þat í ókunnum stað;
slíkt er válaðs vera.
Byrði betri
berr-at maðr brautu at
en sé mannvit mikit;
vegnest verra
vegr-a hann velli at
en sé ofdrykkja öls.
Er-a svá gótt
sem gótt kveða
öl alda sona,
því at færa veit,
er fleira drekkr
síns til geðs gumi.
Óminnishegri heitir
sá er yfir ölðrum þrumir,
hann stelr geði guma;
þess fugls fjöðrum
ek fjötraðr vark
í garði Gunnlaðar.
Ölr ek varð,
varð ofrölvi
at ins fróða Fjalars;
því er ölðr bazt,
at aftr of heimtir
hverr sitt geð gumi.
Þagalt ok hugalt
skyli þjóðans barn
ok vígdjarft vera;
glaðr ok reifr
skyli gumna hverr,
unz sinn bíðr bana.
Ósnjallr maðr
hyggsk munu ey lifa,
ef hann við víg varask;
en elli gefr
hánum engi frið,
þótt hánum geirar gefi.
Kópir afglapi
er til kynnis kemr,
þylsk hann um eða þrumir;
allt er senn,
ef hann sylg of getr,
uppi er þá geð guma.
Sá einn veit
er víða ratar
ok hefr fjölð of farit,
hverju geði
stýrir gumna hverr,
sá er vitandi er vits.
Haldi-t maðr á keri,
drekki þó at hófi mjöð,
mæli þarft eða þegi,
ókynnis þess
vár þik engi maðr,
at þú gangir snemma at sofa.
Gráðugr halr,
nema geðs viti,
etr sér aldrtrega;
oft fær hlægis,
er með horskum kemr,
manni heimskum magi.
Hjarðir þat vitu,
nær þær heim skulu,
ok ganga þá af grasi;
en ósviðr maðr
kann ævagi
síns of mál maga.
Vesall maðr
ok illa skapi
hlær at hvívetna;
hittki hann veit,
er hann vita þyrfti,
at hann er-a vamma vanr.
Ósviðr maðr
vakir um allar nætr
ok hyggr at hvívetna;
þá er móðr,
er at morgni kemr,
allt er víl sem var.
Ósnotr maðr
hyggr sér alla vera
viðhlæjendr vini;
hittki hann fiðr,
þótt þeir um hann fár lesi,
ef hann með snotrum sitr.
Ósnotr maðr
hyggr sér alla vera
viðhlæjendr vini;
þá þat finnr,
er at þingi kemr,
at hann á formælendr fáa.
Ósnotr maðr
þykkisk allt vita,
ef hann á sér í vá veru;
hittki hann veit,
hvat hann skal við kveða,
ef hans freista firar.
Ósnotr maðr,
er með aldir kemr,
þat er bazt, at hann þegi;
engi þat veit,
at hann ekki kann,
nema hann mæli til margt;
veit-a maðr,
hinn er vettki veit,
þótt hann mæli til margt.
Fróðr sá þykkisk,
er fregna kann
ok segja it sama;
eyvitu leyna
megu ýta synir,
því er gengr um guma.
Ærna mælir,
sá er æva þegir,
staðlausu stafi;
hraðmælt tunga,
nema haldendr eigi,
oft sér ógótt of gelr.
At augabragði
skal-a maðr annan hafa,
þótt til kynnis komi;
margr þá fróðr þykkisk,
ef hann freginn er-at
ok nái hann þurrfjallr þruma.
Fróðr þykkisk,
sá er flótta tekr,
gestr at gest hæðinn;
veit-a görla,
sá er of verði glissir,
þótt hann með grömum glami.
Gumnar margir
erusk gagnhollir,
en at virði vrekask;
aldar róg
þat mun æ vera,
órir gestr við gest.
Árliga verðar
skyli maðr oft fáa,
nema til kynnis komi:
str ok snópir,
lætr sem solginn sé
ok kann fregna at fáu.
Afhvarf mikit
er til ills vinar,
þótt á brautu búi,
en til góðs vinar
liggja gagnvegir,
þótt hann sé firr farinn.
Ganga skal,
skal-a gestr vera
ey í einum stað;
ljúfr verðr leiðr,
ef lengi sitr
annars fletjum á.
Bú er betra,
þótt lítit sé,
halr er heima hverr;
þótt tvær geitr eigi
ok taugreftan sal,
þat er þó betra en bæn.
Bú er betra,
þótt lítit sé,
halr er heima hverr;
blóðugt er hjarta,
þeim er biðja skal
sér í mál hvert matar.
Vápnum sínum
skal-a maðr velli á
feti ganga framar,
því at óvíst er at vita,
nær verðr á vegum úti
geirs of þörf guma.
Fannk-a ek mildan mann
eða svá matar góðan,
at væri-t þiggja þegit,
eða síns féar
svági [glöggvan],
at leið sé laun, ef þægi.
Féar síns,
er fengit hefr,
skyli-t maðr þörf þola;
oft sparir leiðum,
þats hefr ljúfum hugat;
margt gengr verr en varir.
Vápnum ok váðum
skulu vinir gleðjask;
þat er á sjalfum sýnst;
viðrgefendr ok endrgefendr
erusk lengst vinir,
ef þat bíðr at verða vel.
Vin sínum
skal maðr vinr vera
ok gjalda gjöf við gjöf;
hlátr við hlátri
skyli hölðar taka
en lausung við lygi.
Vin sínum
skal maðr vinr vera,
þeim ok þess vin;
en óvinar síns
skyli engi maðr
vinar vinr vera.
Veiztu, ef þú vin átt,
þann er þú vel trúir,
ok vill þú af hánum gótt geta,
geði skaltu við þann blanda
ok gjöfum skipta,
fara at finna oft.
Ef þú átt annan,
þanns þú illa trúir,
vildu af hánum þó gótt geta,
fagrt skaltu við þann mæla
en flátt hyggja
ok gjalda lausung við lygi.
Það er enn of þann
er þú illa trúir
ok þér er grunr at hans geði,
hlæja skaltu við þeim
ok um hug mæla;
glík skulu gjöld gjöfum.
Ungr var ek forðum,
fór ek einn saman,
þá varð ek villr vega;
auðigr þóttumk,
er ek annan fann,
maðr er manns gaman.
Mildir, fræknir
menn bazt lifa,
sjaldan sút ala;
en ósnjallr maðr
uggir hotvetna,
sýtir æ glöggr við gjöfum.
Váðir mínar
gaf ek velli at
tveim trémönnum;
rekkar þat þóttusk,
er þeir rift höfðu;
neiss er nökkviðr halr.
Hrörnar þöll,
sú er stendr þorpi á,
hlýr-at henni börkr né barr;
svá er maðr,
sá er manngi ann.
Hvat skal hann lengi lifa?
Eldi heitari
brennr með illum vinum
friðr fimm daga,
en þá sloknar,
er inn sétti kemr,
ok versnar allr vinskapr.
Mikit eitt
skal-a manni gefa;
oft kaupir sér í litlu lof,
með halfum hleif
ok með höllu keri
fekk ek mér félaga.
Lítilla sanda
lítilla sæva
lítil eru geð guma;
því allir menn
urðu-t jafnspakir;
half er öld hvar.
Meðalsnotr
skyli manna hverr;
æva til snotr sé;
þeim er fyrða
fegrst at lifa,
er vel margt vitu.
Meðalsnotr
skyli manna hverr,
æva til snotr sé;
því at snotrs manns hjarta
verðr sjaldan glatt,
ef sá er alsnotr, er á.
Meðalsnotr
skyli manna hverr,
æva til snotr sé;
örlög sín
viti engi fyrir,
þeim er sorgalausastr sefi.
Brandr af brandi
brenn, unz brunninn er,
funi kveikisk af funa;
maðr af manni
verðr at máli kuðr,
en til dælskr af dul.
Ár skal rísa,
sá er annars vill
fé eða fjör hafa;
sjaldan liggjandi ulfr
lær of getr
né sofandi maðr sigr.
Ár skal rísa,
sá er á yrkjendr fáa,
ok ganga síns verka á vit;
margt of dvelr,
þann er um morgin sefr,
hálfr er auðr und hvötum.
Þurra skíða
ok þakinna næfra,
þess kann maðr mjöt,
þess viðar,
er vinnask megi
mál ok misseri.
Þveginn ok mettr
ríði maðr þingi at,
þótt hann sé-t væddr til vel;
skúa ok bróka
skammisk engi maðr
né hests in heldr,
þótt hann hafi-t góðan
Snapir ok gnapir,
er til sævar kemr,
örn á aldinn mar;
svá er maðr,
er með mörgum kemr
ok á formælendr fáa.
Fregna ok segja
skal fróðra hverr,
sá er vill heitinn horskr;
einn vita
né annarr skal,
þjóð veit, ef þrír ro.
Ríki sitt
skyli ráðsnotra
hverr í hófi hafa;
þá hann þat finnr,
er með fræknum kemr
at engi er einna hvatastr.
-- -- -- --
orða þeira,
er maðr öðrum segir
oft hann gjöld of getr.
Mikilsti snemma
kom ek í marga staði,
en til síð í suma;
öl var drukkit,
sumt var ólagat,
sjaldan hittir leiðr í líð.
Hér ok hvar
myndi mér heim of boðit,
ef þyrftak at málungi mat,
eða tvau lær hengi
at ins tryggva vinar,
þars ek hafða eitt etit.
Eldr er beztr
með ýta sonum
ok sólar sýn,
heilyndi sitt,
ef maðr hafa náir,
án við löst at lifa.
Er-at maðr alls vesall,
þótt hann sé illa heill;
sumr er af sonum sæll,
sumr af frændum,
sumr af fé ærnu,
sumr af verkum vel.
Betra er lifðum
en sé ólifðum,
ey getr kvikr kú;
eld sá ek upp brenna
auðgum manni fyrir,
en úti var dauðr fyr durum.
Haltr ríðr hrossi,
hjörð rekr handar vanr,
daufr vegr ok dugir,
blindr er betri
en brenndr séi,
nýtr manngi nás.
Sonr er betri,
þótt sé síð of alinn
eftir genginn guma;
sjaldan bautarsteinar
standa brautu nær,
nema reisi niðr at nið.
Tveir ro eins herjar,
tunga er höfuðs bani;
er mér í heðin hvern
handar væni.
Nótt verðr feginn
sá er nesti trúir,
skammar ro skips ráar;
hverf er haustgríma;
fjölð of viðrir
á fimm dögum
en meira á mánuði.
Veit-a hinn,
er vettki veit,
margr verðr af aurum api;
maðr er auðigr,
annar óauðigr,
skyli-t þann vítka váar.
Deyr fé,
deyja frændr,
deyr sjalfr it sama,
en orðstírr
deyr aldregi,
hveim er sér góðan getr.
Deyr fé,
deyja frændr,
deyr sjalfr it sama,
ek veit einn,
at aldrei deyr:
dómr um dauðan hvern.
Fullar grindr
sá ek fyr Fitjungs sonum,
nú bera þeir vánar völ;
svá er auðr
sem augabragð,
hann er valtastr vina.
Ósnotr maðr,
ef eignask getr
fé eða fljóðs munuð,
metnaðr hánum þróask,
en mannvit aldregi,
fram gengr hann drjúgt í dul.
Þat er þá reynt,
er þú að rúnum spyrr
inum reginkunnum,
þeim er gerðu ginnregin
ok fáði fimbulþulr,
þá hefir hann bazt, ef hann þegir.
At kveldi skal dag leyfa,
konu, er brennd er,
mæki, er reyndr er,
mey, er gefin er,
ís, er yfir kemr,
öl, er drukkit er.
Í vindi skal við höggva,
veðri á sjó róa,
myrkri við man spjalla,
mörg eru dags augu;
á skip skal skriðar orka,
en á skjöld til hlífar,
mæki höggs,
en mey til kossa.
Við eld skal öl drekka,
en á ísi skríða,
magran mar kaupa,
en mæki saurgan,
heima hest feita,
en hund á búi.
II.
Meyjar orðum
skyli manngi trúa
né því, er kveðr kona,
því at á hverfanda hvéli
váru þeim hjörtu sköpuð,
brigð í brjóst of lagið.
Brestanda boga,
brennanda loga,
gínanda ulfi,
galandi kráku,
rýtanda svíni,
rótlausum viði,
vaxanda vági,
vellanda katli,
Fljúganda fleini,
fallandi báru,
ísi einnættum,
ormi hringlegnum,
brúðar beðmálum
eða brotnu sverði,
bjarnar leiki
eða barni konungs.
Sjúkum kalfi,
sjalfráða þræli,
völu vilmæli,
val nýfelldum.
Akri ársánum
trúi engi maðr
né til snemma syni,
- veðr ræðr akri.
en vit syni;
hætt er þeira hvárt.
Bróðurbana sínum
þótt á brautu mæti,
húsi hálfbrunnu,
hesti alskjótum,
- þá er jór ónýtr,
ef einn fótr brotnar -,
verði-t maðr svá tryggr
at þessu trúi öllu.
Svá er friðr kvenna,
þeira er flátt hyggja,
sem aki jó óbryddum
á ísi hálum,
teitum, tvévetrum
ok sé tamr illa,
eða í byr óðum
beiti stjórnlausu,
eða skyli haltr henda
hrein í þáfjalli.
Bert ek nú mæli,
því at ek bæði veit,
brigðr er karla hugr konum;
þá vér fegrst mælum,
er vér flást hyggjum:
þat tælir horska hugi.
Fagrt skal mæla
ok fé bjóða,
sá er vill fljóðs ást fá,
líki leyfa
ins ljósa mans,
sá fær, er fríar.
Ástar firna
skyli engi maðr
annan aldregi;
oft fá á horskan,
er á heimskan né fá,
lostfagrir litir.
Eyvitar firna
er maðr annan skal,
þess er um margan gengr guma;
heimska ór horskum
gerir hölða sonu
sá inn máttki munr.
Hugr einn þat veit,
er býr hjarta nær,
einn er hann sér of sefa;
öng er sótt verri
hveim snotrum manni
en sér engu at una.
Þat ek þá reynda,
er ek í reyri sat,
ok vættak míns munar;
hold ok hjarta
var mér in horska mær;
þeygi ek hana at heldr hefik.
Billings mey
ek fann beðjum á
sólhvíta sofa;
jarls ynði
þótti mér ekki vera
nema við þat lík at lifa.
"Auk nær aftni
skaltu, Óðinn, koma,
ef þú vilt þér mæla man;
allt eru ósköp,
nema einir viti
slíkan löst saman."
Aftr ek hvarf
ok unna þóttumk
vísum vilja frá;
hitt ek hugða,
at ek hafa mynda
geð hennar allt ok gaman.
Svá kom ek næst,
at in nýta var
vígdrótt öll of vakin
með brennandum ljósum
ok bornum viði,
svá var mér vílstígr of vitaðr.
Auk nær morgni,
er ek var enn of kominn,
þá var saldrótt of sofin;
grey eitt ek þá fann
innar góðu konu
bundit beðjum á.
Mörg er góð mær,
ef görva kannar,
hugbrigð við hali;
þá ek þat reynda,
er it ráðspaka
teygða ek á flærðir fljóð;
háðungar hverrar
leitaði mér it horska man,
ok hafða ek þess vettki vífs.
III.
Heima glaðr gumi
ok við gesti reifr,
sviðr skal um sig vera,
minnigr ok málugr,
ef hann vill margfróðr vera,
oft skal góðs geta;
fimbulfambi heitir,
sá er fátt kann segja,
þat er ósnotrs aðal.
Inn aldna jötun ek sótta,
nú em ek aftr of kominn:
fátt gat ek þegjandi þar;
mörgum orðum
mælta ek í minn frama
í Suttungs sölum.
Gunnlöð mér of gaf
gullnum stóli á
drykk ins dýra mjaðar;
ill iðgjöld
lét ek hana eftir hafa
síns ins heila hugar,
síns ins svára sefa.
Rata munn
létumk rúms of fá
ok um grjót gnaga;
yfir ok undir
stóðumk jötna vegir,
svá hætta ek höfði til.
Vel keypts litar
hefi ek vel notit,
fás er fróðum vant,
því at Óðrerir
er nú upp kominn
á alda vés jaðar.
Ifi er mér á,
at ek væra enn kominn
jötna görðum ór,
ef ek Gunnlaðar né nytak,
innar góðu konu,
þeirar er lögðumk arm yfir.
Ins hindra dags
gengu hrímþursar
Háva ráðs at fregna
Háva höllu í;
at Bölverki þeir spurðu,
ef hann væri með böndum kominn
eða hefði hánum Suttungr of sóit.
Baugeið Óðinn,
hygg ek, at unnit hafi;
hvat skal hans tryggðum trúa?
Suttung svikinn
hann lét sumbli frá
ok grætta Gunnlöðu.
IV.
Mál er at þylja
þular stóli á
Urðarbrunni at,
sá ek ok þagðak,
sá ek ok hugðak,
hlýdda ek á manna mál;
of rúnar heyrða ek dæma,
né of ráðum þögðu
Háva höllu at,
Háva höllu í,
heyrða ek segja svá:
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
nótt þú rís-at
nema á njósn séir
eða þú leitir þér innan út staðar.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
fjölkunnigri konu
skal-at-tu í faðmi sofa,
svá at hon lyki þik liðum.
Hon svá gerir,
at þú gáir eigi
þings né þjóðans máls;
mat þú vill-at
né mannskis gaman,
ferr þú sorgafullr at sofa.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
annars konu
teygðu þér aldregi
eyrarúnu at.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
á fjalli eða firði,
ef þik fara tíðir,
fásktu at virði vel.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
illan mann
láttu aldregi
óhöpp at þér vita,
því at af illum manni
fær þú aldregi
gjöld ins góða hugar.
Ofarla bíta
ek sá einum hal
orð illrar konu;
fláráð tunga
varð hánum at fjörlagi
ok þeygi of sanna sök.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
veistu, ef þú vin átt,
þann er þú vel trúir,
far þú at finna oft,
því at hrísi vex
ok hávu grasi
vegr, er vættki treðr.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
góðan mann
teygðu þér at gamanrúnum
ok nem líknargaldr, meðan þú lifir.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
vin þínum
ver þú aldregi
fyrri at flaumslitum;
sorg etr hjarta,
ef þú segja né náir
einhverjum allan hug.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
orðum skipta
þú skalt aldregi
við ósvinna apa,
Því at af illum manni
mundu aldregi
góðs laun of geta,
en góðr maðr
mun þik gerva mega
líknfastan at lofi.
Sifjum er þá blandat,
hver er segja ræðr
einum allan hug;
allt er betra
en sé brigðum at vera;
er-a sá vinr öðrum, er vilt eitt segir.
Ráðumk, þér Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
þrimr orðum senna
skal-at-tu þér við verra mann
oft inn betri bilar,
þá er inn verri vegr.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
skósmiðr þú verir
né skeftismiðr,
nema þú sjalfum þér séir:
skór er skapaðr illa
eða skaft sé rangt,
þá er þér böls beðit.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
hvars þú böl kannt,
kveð þú þér bölvi at
ok gef-at þínum fjándum frið.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
illu feginn
ver þú aldregi,
en lát þér at góðu getit.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
upp líta
skal-at-tu í orrustu,
- gjalti glíkir
verða gumna synir, -
síðr þitt of heilli halir.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
ef þú vilt þér góða konu
kveðja at gamanrúnum
ok fá fögnuð af,
fögru skaltu heita
ok láta fast vera;
leiðisk manngi gótt, ef getr.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
varan bið ek þik vera
ok eigi ofvaran;
ver þú við öl varastr
ok við annars konu
ok við þat it þriðja,
at þjófar né leiki.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
at háði né hlátri
hafðu aldregi
gest né ganganda.
Oft vitu ógörla,
þeir er sitja inni fyrir,
hvers þeir ro kyns, er koma;
er-at maðr svá góðr
at galli né fylgi,
né svá illr, at einugi dugi.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
at hárum þul
hlæ þú aldregi,
oft er gótt, þat er gamlir kveða;
oft ór skörpum belg
skilin orð koma
þeim er hangir með hám
ok skollir með skrám
ok váfir með vílmögum.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
gest þú né geyja
né á grind hrekir;
get þú váluðum vel.
Rammt er þat tré,
er ríða skal
öllum at upploki;
baug þú gef,
eða þat biðja mun
þér læs hvers á liðu.
Ráðumk þér, Loddfáfnir,
en þú ráð nemir, -
njóta mundu, ef þú nemr,
þér munu góð, ef þú getr -:
hvars þú öl drekkir,
kjós þér jarðar megin,
því at jörð tekr við ölðri,
en eldr við sóttum,
eik við abbindi,
ax við fjölkynngi,
höll við hýrógi,
- heiftum skal mána kveðja, -
beiti við bitsóttum,
en við bölvi rúnar,
fold skal við flóði taka.
V.
Veit ek, at ek hekk
vindga meiði á
nætr allar níu,
geiri undaðr
ok gefinn Óðni,
sjalfr sjalfum mér,
á þeim meiði,
er manngi veit
hvers af rótum renn.
Við hleifi mik sældu
né við hornigi;
nýsta ek niðr,
nam ek upp rúnar,
æpandi nam,
fell ek aftr þaðan.
Fimbulljóð níu
nam ek af inum frægja syni
Bölþorns, Bestlu föður,
ok ek drykk of gat
ins dýra mjaðar,
ausinn Óðreri.
Þá nam ek frævask
ok fróðr vera
ok vaxa ok vel hafask,
orð mér af orði
orðs leitaði,
verk mér af verki
verks leitaði.
Rúnar munt þú finna
ok ráðna stafi,
mjök stóra stafi,
mjök stinna stafi,
er fáði fimbulþulr
ok gerðu ginnregin
ok reist hroftr rögna.
Óðinn með ásum,
en fyr alfum Dáinn,
Dvalinn ok dvergum fyrir,
Ásviðr jötnum fyrir,
ek reist sjalfr sumar.
Veistu, hvé rísta skal?
Veistu, hvé ráða skal?
Veistu, hvé fáa skal?
Veistu, hvé freista skal?
Veistu, hvé biðja skal?
Veistu, hvé blóta skal?
Veistu, hvé senda skal?
Veistu, hvé sóa skal?
Betra er óbeðit
en sé ofblótit,
ey sér til gildis gjöf;
betra er ósent
en sé ofsóit.
Svá Þundr of reist
fyr þjóða rök,
þar hann upp of reis,
er hann aftr of kom.
VI.
Ljóð ek þau kann,
er kann-at þjóðans kona
ok mannskis mögr.
Hjalp heitir eitt,
en þat þér hjalpa mun
við sökum ok sorgum
ok sútum görvöllum.
Þat kann ek annat,
er þurfu ýta synir,
þeir er vilja læknar lifa.
Það kann ek þriðja:
ef mér verðr þörf mikil
hafts við mína heiftmögu,
eggjar ek deyfi
minna andskota,
bíta-t þeim vápn né velir.
Þat kann ek it fjórða:
ef mér fyrðar bera
bönd að boglimum,
svá ek gel,
at ek ganga má,
sprettr mér af fótum fjöturr,
en af höndum haft.
Þat kann ek it fimmta:
ef ek sé af fári skotinn
flein í folki vaða,
fýgr-a hann svá stinnt,
at ek stöðvig-a-k,
ef ek hann sjónum of sék.
Þat kann ek it sétta:
ef mik særir þegn
á vrótum hrás viðar,
ok þann hal
er mik heifta kveðr,
þann eta mein heldr en mik.
Þat kann ek it sjaunda:
ef ek sé hávan loga
sal of sessmögum,
brennr-at svá breitt,
at ek hánum bjargig-a-k;
þann kann ek galdr at gala.
Þat kann ek it átta,
er öllum er
nytsamligt at nema:
hvars hatr vex
með hildings sonum
þat má ek bæta brátt.
Þat kann ek it níunda:
ef mik nauðr of stendr
at bjarga fari mínu á floti,
vind ek kyrri
vági á
ok svæfik allan sæ.
Þat kann ek it tíunda:
ef ek sé túnriður
leika lofti á,
ek svá vinnk,
at þær villar fara
sinna heimhama,
sinna heimhuga.
Þat kann ek it ellifta:
ef ek skal til orrostu
leiða langvini,
und randir ek gel,
en þeir með ríki fara
heilir hildar til,
heilir hildi frá,
koma þeir heilir hvaðan.
Þat kann ek it tolfta:
ef ek sé á tré uppi
váfa virgilná,
svá ek ríst
ok í rúnum fák,
at sá gengr gumi
ok mælir við mik.
Þat kann ek it þrettánda:
ef ek skal þegn ungan
verpa vatni á,
mun-at hann falla,
þótt hann í folk komi,
hnígr-a sá halr fyr hjörum.
Þat kann ek it fjögurtánda:
ef ek skal fyrða liði
telja tíva fyrir,
ása ok alfa
ek kann allra skil;
fár kann ósnotr svá.
Þat kann ek it fimmtánda
er gól Þjóðrerir
dvergr fyr Dellings durum:
afl gól hann ásum,
en alfum frama,
hyggju Hroftatý.
Þat kann ek it sextánda:
ef ek vil ins svinna mans
hafa geð allt ok gaman,
hugi ek hverfi
hvítarmri konu,
ok sný ek hennar öllum sefa.
Þat kann ek it sjautjánda
at mik mun seint firrask
it manunga man.
Ljóða þessa
mun þú, Loddfáfnir,
lengi vanr vera;
þó sé þér góð, ef þú getr,
nýt ef þú nemr,
þörf ef þú þiggr.
Þat kann ek it átjánda,
er ek æva kennik
mey né manns konu,
- allt er betra,
er einn of kann;
þat fylgir ljóða lokum, -
nema þeiri einni,
er mik armi verr,
eða mín systir sé.
VII.
Nú eru Háva mál
kveðin Háva höllu í,
allþörf ýta sonum,
óþörf jötna sonum;
heill sá, er kvað,
heill sá, er kann,
njóti sá, er nam,
heilir, þeirs hlýddu.
亨利·亚当斯·贝洛斯1923年英译,已进入公有领域;诗节编号可能与原文不同。
Within the gates ere a man shall go,
(Full warily let him watch,)
Full long let him look about him;
For little he knows where a foe may lurk,
And sit in the seats within.
Hail to the giver! a guest has come;
Where shall the stranger sit?
Swift shall he be who with swords shall try
The proof of his might to make.
Fire he needs who with frozen knees
Has come from the cold without;
Food and clothes must the farer have,
The man from the mountains come.
Water and towels and welcoming speech
Should he find who comes to the feast;
If renown he would get, and again be greeted,
Wisely and well must he act.
Wits must he have who wanders wide,
But all is easy at home;
At the witless man the wise shall wink
When among such men he sits.
A man shall not boast of his keenness of mind,
But keep it close in his breast;
To the silent and wise does ill come seldom
When he goes as guest to a house;
(For a faster friend one never finds
Than wisdom tried and true.)
The knowing guest who goes to the feast,
In silent attention sits;
With his ears he hears, with his eyes he watches,
Thus wary are wise men all.
Happy the one who wins for himself
Favor and praises fair;
Less safe by far is the wisdom found
That is hid in another's heart.
Happy the man who has while he lives
Wisdom and praise as well,
For evil counsel a man full oft
Has from another's heart.
A better burden may no man bear
For wanderings wide than wisdom;
It is better than wealth on unknown ways,
And in grief a refuge it gives.
A better burden may no man bear
For wanderings wide than wisdom;
Worse food for the journey he brings not afield
Than an over-drinking of ale.
Less good there lies than most believe
In ale for mortal men;
For the more he drinks the less does man
Of his mind the mastery hold.
Over beer the bird of forgetfulness broods,
And steals the minds of men;
With the heron's feathers fettered I lay
And in Gunnloth's house was held.
Drunk I was, I was dead-drunk,
When with Fjalar wise I was;
'Tis the best of drinking if back one brings
His wisdom with him home.
The son of a king shall be silent and wise,
And bold in battle as well;
Bravely and gladly a man shall go,
Till the day of his death is come.
The sluggard believes he shall live forever,
If the fight he faces not;
But age shall not grant him the gift of peace,
Though spears may spare his life.
The fool is agape when he comes to the feast,
He stammers or else is still;
But soon if he gets a drink is it seen
What the mind of the man is like.
He alone is aware who has wandered wide,
And far abroad has fared,
How great a mind is guided by him
That wealth of wisdom has.
Shun not the mead, but drink in measure;
Speak to the point or be still;
For rudeness none shall rightly blame thee
If soon thy bed thou seekest.
The greedy man, if his mind be vague,
Will eat till sick he is;
The vulgar man, when among the wise,
To scorn by his belly is brought.
The herds know well when home they shall fare,
And then from the grass they go;
But the foolish man his belly's measure
Shall never know aright.
A paltry man and poor of mind
At all things ever mocks;
For never he knows, what he ought to know,
That he is not free from faults.
The witless man is awake all night,
Thinking of many things;
Care-worn he is when the morning comes,
And his woe is just as it was.
The foolish man for friends all those
Who laugh at him will hold; When among the wise he marks it not
Though hatred of him they speak.
The foolish man for friends all those
Who laugh at him will hold;
But the truth when he comes to the council he learns,
That few in his favor will speak.
An ignorant man thinks that all he knows,
When he sits by himself in a corner;
But never what answer to make he knows,
When others with questions come.
A witless man, when he meets with men,
Had best in silence abide;
For no one shall find that nothing he knows,
If his mouth is not open too much.
(But a man knows not, if nothing he knows,
When his mouth has been open too much.)
Wise shall he seem who well can question,
And also answer well;
Nought is concealed that men may say
Among the sons of men.
Often he speaks who never is still
With words that win no faith; The babbling tongue, if a bridle it find not,
Oft for itself sings ill.
In mockery no one a man shall hold,
Although he fare to the feast;
Wise seems one oft, if nought he is asked,
And safely he sits dry-skinned.
Wise a guest holds it to take to his heels,
When mock of another he makes;
But little he knows who laughs at the feast,
Though he mocks in the midst of his foes.
Friendly of mind are many men,
Till feasting they mock at their friends;
To mankind a bane must it ever be
When guests together strive.
Oft should one make an early meal,
Nor fasting come to the feast;
Else he sits and chews as if he would choke,
And little is able to ask.
Crooked and far is the road to a foe,
Though his house on the highway be;
But wide and straight is the way to a friend,
Though far away he fare.
Forth shall one go, nor stay as a guest
In a single spot forever; Love becomes loathing if long one sits
By the hearth in another's home.
Better a house, though a hut it be,
A man is master at home;
A pair of goats and a patched-up roof
Are better far than begging.
Better a house, though a hut it be,
A man is master at home;
His heart is bleeding who needs must beg
When food he fain would have.
Away from his arms in the open field
A man should fare not a foot;
For never he knows when the need for a spear
Shall arise on the distant road.
If wealth a man has won for himself,
Let him never suffer in need;
Oft he saves for a foe what he plans for a friend,
For much goes worse than we wish.
None so free with gifts or food have I found
That gladly he took not a gift, Nor one who so widely scattered his wealth
That of recompense hatred he had.
Friends shall gladden each other with arms and garments,
As each for himself can see;
Gift-givers' friendships are longest found,
If fair their fates may be.
To his friend a man a friend shall prove,
And gifts with gifts requite;
But men shall mocking with mockery answer,
And fraud with falsehood meet.
To his friend a man a friend shall prove,
To him and the friend of his friend;
But never a man shall friendship make
With one of his foeman's friends.
If a friend thou hast whom thou fully wilt trust,
And good from him wouldst get,
Thy thoughts with his mingle, and gifts shalt thou make,
And fare to find him oft.
If another thou hast whom thou hardly wilt trust,
Yet good from him wouldst get,
Thou shalt speak him fair, but falsely think,
And fraud with falsehood requite.
So is it with him whom thou hardly wilt trust,
And whose mind thou mayst not know;
Laugh with him mayst thou, but speak not thy mind,
Like gifts to his shalt thou give.
Young was I once, and wandered alone,
And nought of the road I knew;
Rich did I feel when a comrade I found,
For man is man's delight.
The lives of the brave and noble are best,
Sorrows they seldom feed;
But the coward fear of all things feels,
And not gladly the niggard gives.
My garments once in a field I gave
To a pair of carven poles;
Heroes they seemed when clothes they had,
But the naked man is nought.
On the hillside drear the fir-tree dies,
All bootless its needles and bark;
It is like a man whom no one loves,—
Why should his life be long?
Hotter than fire between false friends
Does friendship five days burn;
When the sixth day comes the fire cools,
And ended is all the love.
No great thing needs a man to give,
Oft little will purchase praise;
With half a loaf and a half-filled cup
A friend full fast I made.
A little sand has a little sea,
And small are the minds of men;
Though all men are not equal in wisdom,
Yet half-wise only are all.
A measure of wisdom each man shall have,
But never too much let him know;
The fairest lives do those men live
Whose wisdom wide has grown.
A measure of wisdom each man shall have,
But never too much let him know;
For the wise man's heart is seldom happy,
If wisdom too great he has won.
A measure of wisdom each man shall have,
But never too much let him know; Let no man the fate before him see,
For so is he freest from sorrow.
A brand from a brand is kindled and burned,
And fire from fire begotten;
And man by his speech is known to men,
And the stupid by their stillness.
He must early go forth who fain the blood
Or the goods of another would get;
The wolf that lies idle shall win little meat,
Or the sleeping man success.
He must early go forth whose workers are few,
Himself his work to seek;
Much remains undone for the morning-sleeper,
For the swift is wealth half won.
Of seasoned shingles and strips of bark
For the thatch let one know his need,
And how much of wood he must have for a month,
Or in half a year he will use.
Washed and fed to the council fare,
But care not too much for thy clothes;
Let none be ashamed of his shoes and hose,
Less still of the steed he rides.
(Though poor be the horse he has.)
When the eagle comes to the ancient sea,
He snaps and hangs his head;
So is a man in the midst of a throng,
Who few to speak for him finds.
To question and answer must all be ready
Who wish to be known as wise;
Tell one thy thoughts, but beware of two,—
All know what is known to three.
The man who is prudent a measured use
Of the might he has will make;
He finds when among the brave he fares
That the boldest he may not be.
................
...............
Oft for the words that to others one speaks
He will get but an evil gift.
Too early to many a meeting I came,
And some too late have I sought;
The beer was all drunk, or not yet brewed;
Little the loathed man finds.
To their homes men would bid me hither and yon,
If at meal-time I needed no meat,
Or would hang two hams in my true friend's house,
Where only one I had eaten.
Fire for men is the fairest gift,
And power to see the sun;
Health as well, if a man may have it,
And a life not stained with sin.
All wretched is no man, though never so sick;
Some from their sons have joy,
Some win it from kinsmen, and some from their wealth,
And some from worthy works.
It is better to live than to lie a corpse,
The live man catches the cow;
I saw flames rise for the rich man's pyre,
And before his door he lay dead.
The lame rides a horse, the handless is herdsman,
The deaf in battle is bold;
The blind man is better than one that is burned,
No good can come of a corpse.
A son is better, though late he be born,
And his father to death have fared;
Memory-stones seldom stand by the road
Save when kinsman honors his kin.
Two make a battle, the tongue slays the head;
In each furry coat a fist I look for.
He welcomes the night whose fare is enough,
(Short are the yards of a ship,)
Uneasy are autumn nights;
Full oft does the weather change in a week,
And more in a month's time.
A man knows not, if nothing he knows,
That gold oft apes begets;
One man is wealthy and one is poor,
Yet scorn for him none should know.
Among Fitjung's sons saw I well-stocked folds,—
Now bear they the beggar's staff; Wealth is as swift as a winking eye,
Of friends the falsest it is.
Cattle die, and kinsmen die,
And so one dies one's self;
But a noble name will never die,
If good renown one gets.
Cattle die, and kinsmen die,
And so one dies one's self;
One thing I know that never dies,
The fame of a dead man's deeds.
Certain is that which is sought from runes,
That the gods so great have made,
And the Master-Poet painted;
................
.....of the race of gods:
Silence is safest and best.
An unwise man, if a maiden's love
Or wealth he chances to win, His pride will wax, but his wisdom never,
Straight forward he fares in conceit.
***
Give praise to the day at evening, to a woman on her pyre,
To a weapon which is tried, to a maid at wedlock,
To ice when it is crossed, to ale that is drunk.
When the gale blows hew wood, in fair winds seek the water;
Sport with maidens at dusk, for day's eyes are many;
From the ship seek swiftness, from the shield protection,
Cuts from the sword, from the maiden kisses.
By the fire drink ale, over ice go on skates;
Buy a steed that is lean, and a sword when tarnished, The horse at home fatten, the hound in thy dwelling.
***
A man shall trust not the oath of a maid,
Nor the word a woman speaks;
For their hearts on a whirling wheel were fashioned,
And fickle their breasts were formed.
***
In a breaking bow or a burning flame,
A ravening wolf or a croaking raven,
In a grunting boar, a tree with roots broken,
In billowy seas or a bubbling kettle,
In a flying arrow or falling waters,
In ice new formed or the serpent's folds,
In a bride's bed-speech or a broken sword,
In the sport of bears or in sons of kings,
In a calf that is sick or a stubborn thrall,
A flattering witch or a foe new slain.
In a brother's slayer, if thou meet him abroad,
In a half-burned house, in a horse full swift—
One leg is hurt and the horse is useless—
None had ever such faith as to trust in them all.
***
Hope not too surely for early harvest,
Nor trust too soon in thy son;
The field needs good weather, the son needs wisdom,
And oft is either denied.
***
The love of women fickle of will
Is like starting o'er ice with a steed unshod,
A two-year-old restive and little tamed,
Or steering a rudderless ship in a storm,
Or, lame, hunting reindeer on slippery rocks.
***
Clear now will I speak, for I know them both,
Men false to women are found;
When fairest we speak, then falsest we think,
Against wisdom we work with deceit.
Soft words shall he speak and wealth shall he offer
Who longs for a maiden's love,
And the beauty praise of the maiden bright;
He wins whose wooing is best.
Fault for loving let no man find
Ever with any other;
Oft the wise are fettered, where fools go free,
By beauty that breeds desire.
Fault with another let no man find
For what touches many a man;
Wise men oft into witless fools
Are made by mighty love.
The head alone knows what dwells near the heart,
A man knows his mind alone;
No sickness is worse to one who is wise
Than to lack the longed-for joy.
This found I myself, when I sat in the reeds,
And long my love awaited;
As my life the maiden wise I loved,
Yet her I never had.
Billing's daughter I found on her bed,
In slumber bright as the sun;
Empty appeared an earl's estate
Without that form so fair.
"Othin, again at evening come,
If a woman thou wouldst win;
Evil it were if others than we
Should know of such a sin."
Away I hastened, hoping for joy,
And careless of counsel wise;
Well I believed that soon I should win
Measureless joy with the maid.
So came I next when night it was,
The warriors all were awake;
With burning lights and waving brands
I learned my luckless way.
At morning then, when once more I came,
And all were sleeping still,
A dog I found in the fair one's place,
Bound there upon her bed.
Many fair maids, if a man but tries them,
False to a lover are found;
That did I learn when I longed to gain
With wiles the maiden wise; Foul scorn was my meed from the crafty maid,
And nought from the woman I won.
***
Though glad at home, and merry with guests,
A man shall be wary and wise;
The sage and shrewd, wide wisdom seeking,
Must see that his speech be fair;
A fool is he named who nought can say,
For such is the way of the witless.
I found the old giant, now back have I fared,
Small gain from silence I got;
Full many a word, my will to get,
I spoke in Suttung's hall.
The mouth of Rati made room for my passage,
And space in the stone he gnawed; Above and below the giants' paths lay,
So rashly I risked my head.
Gunnloth gave on a golden stool
A drink of the marvelous mead;
A harsh reward did I let her have
For her heroic heart,
And her spirit troubled sore.
The well-earned beauty well I enjoyed,
Little the wise man lacks;
So Othrörir now has up been brought
To the midst of the men of earth.
Hardly, methinks, would I home have come,
And left the giants' land,
Had not Gunnloth helped me, the maiden good,
Whose arms about me had been.
The day that followed, the frost-giants came,
Some word of Hor to win,
(And into the hall of Hor;) Of Bolverk they asked, were he back midst the gods,
Or had Suttung slain him there?
On his ring swore Othin the oath, methinks;
Who now his troth shall trust?
Suttung's betrayal he sought with drink,
And Gunnloth to grief he left.
***
It is time to chant from the chanter's stool;
By the wells of Urth I was,
I saw and was silent, I saw and thought,
And heard the speech of Hor.
(Of runes heard I words, nor were counsels wanting,
At the hall of Hor,
In the hall of Hor;
Such was the speech I heard.)
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
Rise not at night, save if news thou seekest,
Or fain to the outhouse wouldst fare.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
Beware of sleep on a witch's bosom,
Nor let her limbs ensnare thee.
Such is her might that thou hast no mind
For the council or meeting of men;
Meat thou hatest, joy thou hast not,
And sadly to slumber thou farest.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest: Seek never to win the wife of another,
Or long for her secret love.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
If o'er mountains or gulfs thou fain wouldst go,
Look well to thy food for the way.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
An evil man thou must not let
Bring aught of ill to thee;
For an evil man will never make
Reward for a worthy thought.
I saw a man who was wounded sore
By an evil woman's word;
A lying tongue his death-blow launched,
And no word of truth there was.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
If a friend thou hast whom thou fully wilt trust,
Then fare to find him oft;
For brambles grow and waving grass
On the rarely trodden road.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
A good man find to hold in friendship,
And give heed to his healing charms.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
Be never the first to break with thy friend
The bond that holds you both;
Care eats the heart if thou canst not speak
To another all thy thought.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
Exchange of words with a witless ape
Thou must not ever make.
For never thou mayst from an evil man
A good requital get;
But a good man oft the greatest love
Through words of praise will win thee.
Mingled is love when a man can speak
To another all his thought; Nought is so bad as false to be,
No friend speaks only fair.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
With a worse man speak not three words in dispute,
Ill fares the better oft
When the worse man wields a sword.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
A shoemaker be, or a maker of shafts,
For only thy single self;
If the shoe is ill made, or the shaft prove false,
Then evil of thee men think.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
If evil thou knowest, as evil proclaim it,
And make no friendship with foes.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest, Great thy gain if thou learnest:
In evil never joy shalt thou know,
But glad the good shall make thee.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
Look not up when the battle is on,—
(Like madmen the sons of men become,—)
Lest men bewitch thy wits.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
If thou fain wouldst win a woman's love,
And gladness get from her,
Fair be thy promise and well fulfilled;
None loathes what good he gets.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
I bid thee be wary, but be not fearful;
(Beware most with ale or another's wife,
And third beware lest a thief outwit thee.)
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
Scorn or mocking ne'er shalt thou make
Of a guest or a journey-goer.
Oft scarcely he knows who sits in the house
What kind is the man who comes;
None so good is found that faults he has not,
Nor so wicked that nought he is worth.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
Scorn not ever the gray-haired singer,
Oft do the old speak good;
(Oft from shrivelled skin come skillful counsels,
Though it hang with the hides,
And flap with the pelts,
And is blown with the bellies.)
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
Curse not thy guest, nor show him thy gate,
Deal well with a man in want.
Strong is the beam that raised must be
To give an entrance to all;
Give it a ring, or grim will be
The wish it would work on thee.
I rede thee, Loddfafnir! and hear thou my rede,—
Profit thou hast if thou hearest,
Great thy gain if thou learnest:
When ale thou drinkest, seek might of earth,
(For earth cures drink, and fire cures ills,
The oak cures tightness, the ear cures magic,
Rye cures rupture, the moon cures rage,
Grass cures the scab, and runes the sword-cut;)
The field absorbs the flood.
Now are Hor's words spoken in the hall,
Kind for the kindred of men,
Cursed for the kindred of giants:
Hail to the speaker, and to him who learns!
Profit be his who has them!
Hail to them who hearken!
***
I ween that I hung on the windy tree,
Hung there for nights full nine;
With the spear I was wounded, and offered I was
To Othin, myself to myself,
On the tree that none may ever know
What root beneath it runs.
None made me happy with loaf or horn,
And there below I looked;
I took up the runes, shrieking I took them,
And forthwith back I fell.
Nine mighty songs I got from the son
Of Bolthorn, Bestla's father;
And a drink I got of the goodly mead
Poured out from Othrörir.
Then began I to thrive, and wisdom to get,
I grew and well I was;
Each word led me on to another word,
Each deed to another deed.
Runes shalt thou find, and fateful signs,
That the king of singers colored,
And the mighty gods have made; Full strong the signs, full mighty the signs
That the ruler of gods doth write.
Othin for the gods, Dain for the elves,
And Dvalin for the dwarfs,
Alsvith for giants and all mankind,
And some myself I wrote.
Knowest how one shall write, knowest how one shall rede?
Knowest how one shall tint, knowest how one makes trial?
Knowest how one shall ask, knowest how one shall offer?
Knowest how one shall send, knowest how one shall sacrifice?
Better no prayer than too big an offering,
By thy getting measure thy gift;
Better is none than too big a sacrifice,
..............
So Thund of old wrote ere man's race began,
Where he rose on high when home he came.
***
The songs I know that king's wives know not,
Nor men that are sons of men;
The first is called help, and help it can bring thee
In sorrow and pain and sickness.
A second I know, that men shall need
Who leechcraft long to use;
..............
.............
A third I know, if great is my need
Of fetters to hold my foe;
Blunt do I make mine enemy's blade,
Nor bites his sword or staff.
A fourth I know, if men shall fasten
Bonds on my bended legs;
So great is the charm that forth I may go,
The fetters spring from my feet,
Broken the bonds from my hands.
A fifth I know, if I see from afar
An arrow fly 'gainst the folk;
It flies not so swift that I stop it not,
If ever my eyes behold it.
A sixth I know, if harm one seeks
With a sapling's roots to send me;
The hero himself who wreaks his hate
Shall taste the ill ere I.
A seventh I know, if I see in flames
The hall o'er my comrades' heads;
It burns not so wide that I will not quench it,
I know that song to sing.
An eighth I know, that is to all
Of greatest good to learn;
When hatred grows among heroes' sons,
I soon can set it right.
A ninth I know, if need there comes
To shelter my ship on the flood;
The wind I calm upon the waves,
And the sea I put to sleep.
A tenth I know, what time I see
House-riders flying on high;
So can I work that wildly they go,
Showing their true shapes,
Hence to their own homes.
An eleventh I know, if needs I must lead
To the fight my long-loved friends;
I sing in the shields, and in strength they go
Whole to the field of fight,
Whole from the field of fight,
And whole they come thence home.
A twelfth I know, if high on a tree
I see a hanged man swing; So do I write and color the runes
That forth he fares,
And to me talks.
A thirteenth I know, if a thane full young
With water I sprinkle well;
He shall not fall, though he fares mid the host,
Nor sink beneath the swords.
A fourteenth I know, if fain I would name
To men the mighty gods;
All know I well of the gods and elves,—
Few be the fools know this.
A fifteenth I know, that before the doors
Of Delling sang Thjothrörir the dwarf;
Might he sang for the gods, and glory for elves,
And wisdom for Hroptatyr wise.
A sixteenth I know, if I seek delight
To win from a maiden wise;
The mind I turn of the white-armed maid,
And thus change all her thoughts.
A seventeenth I know, so that seldom shall go
A maiden young from me;
................
...............
Long these songs thou shalt, Loddfafnir,
Seek in vain to sing;
Yet good it were if thou mightest get them,
Well, if thou wouldst them learn,
Help, if thou hadst them.
An eighteenth I know, that ne'er will I tell
To maiden or wife of man,—
The best is what none but one's self doth know,
So comes the end of the songs,—
Save only to her in whose arms I lie,
Or who else my sister is.
本简体中文译文由 AI 根据古诺尔斯语原文翻译,并参考英文译文。
所有门口,
在迈步进去之前,
都须环顾,
都须细察,
因为谁也难以知晓,
敌人会在何处
坐在厅中等候。
愿施予者安好!
客人已经进门,
该让他坐在何处?
那等在炉边,
想要试试自己
能获何种礼遇的人,心中急切。
需要炉火的,
是刚刚进门、
双膝冻僵的人;
需要食物和衣裳的,
是那
越过山岭的人。
需要清水的,
是前来赴宴的人,
还需擦手巾和热情款待,
友善的心意,
若能得到,
还需交谈与倾听。
需要智慧的,
是四处远行的人;
在家诸事容易;
那一无所知、
却坐在智者中间的人,
会成为旁人使眼色嘲弄的对象。
对于自己的聪明,
人不该夸耀,
而须心怀谨慎;
聪慧而寡言的人
来到别人家中时,
谨慎使他少遭祸患,
因为人永远找不到
比丰厚的智慧
更可靠的朋友。
谨慎的客人
前来赴宴,
静默不语,侧耳细听,
用耳朵倾听,
用眼睛观察;
智者无不如此探察周遭。
有福的是那
能为自己赢得
赞誉与善意的人;
若一个人必须仰赖
别人胸中之物,
便更难安心。
有福的是那
在有生之年,自己拥有
赞誉和智慧的人;
因为人往往
从别人的胸中
得到恶劣的劝告。
人踏上旅途,
所能携带的行囊,
没有胜过丰厚智慧的;
在陌生之地,
它比财富更可贵;
它是困苦者的依靠。
人踏上旅途,
所能携带的行囊,
没有胜过丰厚智慧的;
人行走旷野,
所能携带的旅粮,
没有比滥饮啤酒更坏的。
啤酒对世人
并不像人们称说的
那样有益,
因为一个人
喝得越多,
对自己的心智便掌握得越少。
有一只名叫遗忘之鹭的鸟,
盘踞在酒宴上方,
窃取人的心智;
我曾被那鸟的羽毛
束缚,
就在贡露的庭院里。
我醉了,
醉得不省人事,
在睿智的法亚拉家中;
最好的酒宴,
是每个人都能在酒后
重新找回自己的心智。
君王之子
应当寡言而深思,
临战勇敢;
每一个人
都应欢欣愉悦,
直到死亡来临。
怯懦的人
以为只要避开战斗,
就能永远活着;
然而衰老
不会让他安宁,
纵然长矛肯饶过他。
愚人前来作客,
张口呆望,
或喃喃絮语,或默坐不动;
可一旦
喝上几口酒,
他的心性便立刻显露。
唯有那四处游历、
走过许多地方的人
才能知晓,
每个人
由怎样的心性支配,
只要他懂得运用智慧。
人不要抱住酒杯不放,
饮蜜酒也须适量,
说有用的话,或保持沉默;
你若早早去睡,
谁也不会
因此责你失礼。
贪食的人,
若不懂得自制,
便会吃出终身的苦楚;
愚人来到智者中间,
他的肚腹
常常招来耻笑。
牲畜知道
何时该回家,
到时便离开草场;
愚蠢的人
却从来不知
自己肚腹的分量。
卑劣的人,
性情恶劣,
对什么都要嘲笑;
他却不知
自己本该知道的事:
他也并非毫无过错。
愚蠢的人
整夜不眠,
为一切事情忧思;
等到清晨来临,
他已疲惫不堪,
烦忧却依然如故。
愚笨的人
以为所有对他笑的人
都是朋友;
他坐在智者中间,
即使他们说他的坏话,
他也浑然不觉。
愚笨的人
以为所有对他笑的人
都是朋友;
等到来到议会,
他才发觉,
替他说话的人寥寥无几。
愚笨的人
独自待在角落里,
便以为自己无所不知;
可别人向他发问,
他却不知道
该怎样回答。
愚笨的人
来到人群之中,
最好保持沉默;
只要他不说得太多,
便没有人知道
他一无所知;
可一无所知的人,
即使说得太多,
自己也不会察觉。
懂得发问,
也懂得回答的人,
自以为聪慧;
凡在人群中
流传的话,
世人都无法保密。
从不沉默的人,
说出许多
毫无根据的话;
快嘴快舌,
若无人约束,
往往会给自己招来祸殃。
不要把别人
当作嘲弄的对象,
即使他是前来作客;
许多人只要不受盘问,
又能滴酒不沾地静坐,
便自以为聪明。
嘲弄别的客人、
随后逃开的人,
自以为聪明;
在席间咧嘴讥笑的人,
其实并不明白,
自己正在仇敌之间喧闹。
许多人
彼此怀着善意,
却在宴席上争斗;
客人与客人相互挑衅,
永远都会
成为世人的祸患。
人往往应当
早些吃饭,
除非是去作客;
否则便只顾吃,低垂着头,
显出贪馋的模样,
几乎无暇问话。
去恶友家的路,
纵然他住在大路旁,
也要绕很远;
去良友家的路,
纵然他住得遥远,
也条条通达。
该走便走,
作客不该
永远留在一处;
在别人的厅堂里
坐得太久,
受欢迎的人也会惹人厌。
有自己的家更好,
哪怕它很小,
人人在家都是主人;
纵然只有两只山羊,
一间柳条作椽的屋子,
也胜过乞讨。
有自己的家更好,
哪怕它很小,
人人在家都是主人;
那每一顿饭
都须向人讨食的人,
心中淌着血。
人在旷野,
不该离开自己的武器
哪怕一步,
因为谁也无法预知,
旅途之中,何时
会需要一杆长矛。
我不曾见过慷慨的人,
或如此好客的人,
会不愿接受赠礼;
也不曾见过谁对自己的财物
吝惜到如此地步,
受了礼却厌恶回报。
对于自己
已经挣得的财富,
人不该有而不用,忍受困乏;
本为亲爱者打算的,
常常却留给了仇人;
许多事比预料的更坏。
朋友应以武器和衣裳
使彼此欢喜;
这从他们身上便看得出来;
互赠礼物、彼此回报的人,
友谊最为长久,
只要事情终能顺遂。
对于自己的朋友,
人应当以朋友相待,
以礼物回报礼物;
人应当
以笑回报笑,
以欺诈回报谎言。
对于自己的朋友,
人应当以朋友相待,
对他的朋友也应如此;
但对于仇敌的朋友,
任何人
都不该与他为友。
你要知道,若你有一位朋友,
是你深深信赖的人,
又想从他那里得到益处,
便应与他交心,
互赠礼物,
常去探望。
若你另有一人,
是你不大信赖的,
却仍想从他那里得到益处,
便应对他说悦耳的话,
心中却怀着诡计,
以欺诈回报谎言。
对于那个人,也是如此:
你不大信赖他,
又疑心他的用意,
便应向他微笑,
说话却掩住心思;
回礼应与所受的礼物相称。
从前我还年轻,
独自远行,
曾在路上迷失方向;
找到另一个人时,
我便觉得自己富足,
人是人的欢悦。
慷慨而勇敢的人
活得最好,
很少滋养忧愁;
怯懦的人
却事事恐惧,
吝啬的人总为赠礼发愁。
我曾把自己的衣裳
在旷野里送给
两个木头人;
披上衣服之后,
他们便自以为是男子汉;
赤裸的人受人轻贱。
孤立旷野的松树
渐渐枯萎,
树皮与针叶都不能庇护它;
人也如此,
若他谁也不爱。
他又何必长久活着?
恶友之间的情谊
烧得比火还热,
却只持续五天,
等第六天来临,
火便熄灭,
所有友谊也都败坏。
赠礼不必
件件贵重;
小小的礼物常能赢得赞誉,
我只用半块面包,
一杯倾斜着递出的酒,
便为自己结交了同伴。
小小的沙岸,
小小的海湾,
人的心胸也小;
因为世人
并非同样睿智;
到处都有人只懂一半。
每个人
都应有适度的智慧,
切莫聪明过头;
在人群中,
那些懂得不少的人,
生活最为美好。
每个人
都应有适度的智慧,
切莫聪明过头;
因为智者的心
很少欢悦,
若那心的主人无所不知。
每个人
都应有适度的智慧,
切莫聪明过头;
谁都不要预先知晓
自己的命运,
如此心中才最少忧愁。
柴薪引燃柴薪,
燃烧直到烧尽,
火焰点起火焰;
人与人交谈,
便为人所知,
独处缄默却使人愈加愚钝。
想夺取他人
财物或性命的人,
须早早起身;
躺卧的狼
很少能得到羊腿,
酣睡的人也难获胜利。
雇工稀少的人,
须早早起身,
前去料理自己的活计;
清晨贪睡的人,
会耽搁许多事情,
勤快便已赢得一半财富。
干燥的柴薪,
铺好存放的桦树皮,
人须算清所需的分量,
还须算清木材,
究竟多少才能够用
一段时日或半年。
人应洗净吃饱,
骑马前往议会,
纵然穿得不够体面;
谁也不必为鞋子和裤子
感到羞耻,
更不必为自己的马羞耻,
纵然它并非良驹。
鹰来到海边,
面对古老的大海,
伸颈探望,低垂着头;
人也如此,
来到众人之间,
却少有替他说话的人。
凡有学识的人,
都该善问善答,
若想被称为智者;
秘密只让一人知道,
不可再让第二人知晓,
三人知晓,便举世皆知。
自己的权势,
凡有智谋的人,
都该节制运用;
当他置身于
勇士之间,便会发觉,
无人能独占勇冠。
-- -- -- --
一个人对别人
说出的那些话,
往往会招来回报。
许多地方,
我来得太早,
有些地方却又来得太迟;
啤酒或已喝尽,
或还没有酿好,
不受欢迎的人难逢酒饮。
这家那家,
想必都会邀我进门,
若我在饭时需要食物,
或在忠实朋友家里挂上两条肉腿,
而在那里,
我只曾吃掉一条。
对世人而言,
最好的莫过于火,
还有眼见阳光,
自身的健康,
倘若能够保有,
以及不染恶习的一生。
没有人全然不幸,
纵然他疾病缠身;
有人因儿子而有福,
有人因亲族而欢欣,
有人拥有丰厚财产,
有人因善行而得益。
活着总比
死去更好,
活人总还能得到母牛;
我曾见富人屋里
炉火熊熊燃烧,
他却已死在门外。
跛子能够骑马,
缺手的人能够放牧,
聋子能够作战立功,
双目失明,
也胜过被焚为灰烬,
尸首对谁都无用。
有个儿子总是好事,
纵然他迟迟才降生,
生在父亲离世之后;
路旁很少
立着纪念石碑,
除非亲人为亲人竖立。
两人能敌一人,
舌头能使脑袋丧命;
每件皮袍里,
我都提防着一只拳头。
相信干粮足用的人,
入夜便觉欢喜,
船上的帆桁短小;
秋夜变幻无常;
五天之内,
天气便多番变化,
一月之内更是如此。
一无所知的人,
不懂得这道理:
钱财常使人变成蠢物;
有人富有,
有人贫穷,
不该因此责怪谁。
牲畜会死,
亲族会死,
自己也同样会死,
唯有声名
永远不死,
只要赢得了美名。
牲畜会死,
亲族会死,
自己也同样会死,
我知道有一样
永远不会死:
世人对每个死者的评判。
我曾见菲特荣的儿子们
拥有满满的畜栏,
如今却拄着乞讨的手杖;
财富恰如
眼睛的一眨,
它是最不可靠的朋友。
愚昧的人,
倘若得到了
钱财或女人的欢爱,
骄气便日渐滋长,
智慧却从不增长,
他只顾在自欺中大步前行。
当你问起
源自神灵的卢恩符文,
便能验证这道理:
那些符文由至高诸神创造,
由伟大的吟诵者着色,
此时保持沉默,对人最有益。
一天要等到傍晚才赞美,
女人要等到火葬之后,
剑要等到试用之后,
少女要等到出嫁之后,
冰要等到渡过之后,
啤酒要等到喝过之后。
刮风时应当伐木,
顺风时应当出海划船,
天黑时应当与姑娘谈情,
白昼的眼睛太多;
要向船求取疾行,
向盾求取庇护,
向剑求取劈斩,
向少女求取亲吻。
应当在火边喝啤酒,
在冰上滑行,
买马要买瘦马,
买剑要买锈剑,
马应在家里养肥,
狗应养在农庄。
II.
少女的话,
谁都不该相信,
女人所说的也一样,
因为她们的心
是在旋转的轮上造就的,
胸中安放着反复无常。
将断的弓,
燃烧的火焰,
张口的狼,
啼叫的乌鸦,
嚎叫的猪,
无根的树,
上涨的海潮,
沸腾的锅,
飞行的矛,
跌落的浪,
一夜冻成的冰,
盘绕的蛇,
新娘的枕边话,
或是折断的剑,
熊的嬉戏,
或是国王的孩子。
患病的牛犊,
自行其是的奴隶,
女巫的甜言蜜语,
刚刚倒地的死者。
早播的田地,
谁也不该信赖,
也别过早信赖儿子,
——天气决定田地的收成,
智慧决定儿子的前程;
两者都难以把稳。
杀害自己兄弟的人,
纵然在路上遇见,
烧毁了一半的房屋,
快极了的马,
——马若断了一条腿,
便全无用处——,
谁都不该如此轻信,
把这一切都信赖。
心怀诡诈的
女人的爱情,
犹如驾着蹄上无钉的马,
行在光滑的冰上,
那马才两岁,性情躁烈,
又未曾好好驯服,
或在狂风中
驾驶无舵的船,
或是一个跛子要去
融雪的山上捕捉驯鹿。
如今我要直言,
因为男女两方我都了解,
男人对女人也会变心;
我们说得最动听时,
正是心怀欺诈之时:
这连聪慧的心也能迷惑。
想得到女子爱情的人,
应当说动听的话,
献出财物,
赞美那明艳姑娘的
美丽容貌,
求爱的人才能赢得爱情。
谁都不该
因为爱情,
责怪另一个人;
勾起情欲的美色,
往往迷住智者,
却未必迷得住愚人。
对于众人都会
遭逢的事情,
谁都不该责怪别人;
那强烈的情欲,
能使世上的聪明人
变作愚人。
唯有自己的心神知道
心底藏着什么,
也唯有自己明白心意;
对任何明智的人,
都没有比这更重的病:
没有一样能使自己欢欣。
这滋味我曾亲尝,
那时我坐在芦苇丛中,
等待我心爱的人;
那聪慧的姑娘
是我的血肉与心,
可我依然没能得到她。
我发现比林的姑娘
睡在床上,
肌肤洁白如阳光;
若不能与她相伴,
纵有雅尔的荣华,
我也觉得毫无欢趣。
“奥丁,你要
等到更近夜晚时再来,
若想与姑娘谈情;
这样的私情,
除非只有你我知晓,
否则便是莫大的祸事。”
我转身离去,
自以为已蒙她爱恋,
离开了自信可得的欢情;
我心里想着,
我将能得到
她全部的心意与欢爱。
我再次来到时,
那精干的
战士队伍全都醒着,
灯火熊熊,
手中持着火把,
这便是为我安排的苦路。
更近清晨时,
我又一次来到,
厅里的人都已睡熟;
我只见那好姑娘的
床榻之上,
拴着一条母狗。
许多美好的姑娘,
若细细探究,
对男人都怀有异心;
我也曾亲尝此事,
那时我用诡计引诱
那心思聪慧的女子;
那聪明的姑娘
想尽办法羞辱我,
我却丝毫没有得到她。
III.
人在家中应当欢悦,
待客应当和乐,
处世应当明敏,
善记而又善谈,
若想广闻博识,
便应常常谈及美好的事物;
没多少话可说的人,
被称为大傻瓜,
这正是愚人的本性。
我曾去拜访那年老的巨人,
如今已经归来:
在他那里,沉默使我所得无几;
在苏图恩的厅堂,
我说了许多话,
为自己谋取好处。
贡露让我
坐在金座上,
饮下珍贵的蜜酒;
对于她全心的诚意,
对于她深切的情怀,
我留给她的,
却是恶劣的回报。
我让拉蒂的嘴
替我开出通道,
啃穿坚硬的岩石;
我的上方和下方,
都是巨人的山岩,
我就这样拿性命冒险。
那用重价换来的美色,
我已尽情享用,
智者鲜有什么欠缺,
因为奥德雷里尔
如今已被带上来,
来到世人圣所的边缘。
我很怀疑,
自己是否还能
走出巨人的庭院,
若未得到贡露的帮助,
那善良的女子,
曾将手臂搂在我身上。
第二天,
霜巨人们前来,
探问哈尔的消息,
走进哈尔的厅堂;
他们问起博尔维克,
问他是否已回到诸神之间,
还是已被苏图恩杀死。
我想,奥丁
曾对着臂环立誓;
他的誓言,又怎能相信?
他骗走了苏图恩的蜜酒,
把苏图恩留在那里,
又使贡露流泪。
IV.
是时候吟诵了,
坐在吟诵者的座上,
在乌尔德之泉旁,
我观看,默不作声,
我观看,心中思索,
倾听人们的话语;
我听见他们论说卢恩符文,
也不停谈论种种忠告,
在哈尔的厅堂旁,
在哈尔的厅堂里,
我听见他们这样说:
洛德法夫尼尔,我劝告你,
愿你听取这忠告,——
听取了,你便会受益,
牢记了,它便于你有益——:
夜里不要起身,
除非出去探察,
或是要到屋外方便。
洛德法夫尼尔,我劝告你,
愿你听取这忠告,——
听取了,你便会受益,
牢记了,它便于你有益——:
不要睡在
精通巫术的女人怀里,
让她用四肢缠住你。
她会使你
无心顾及
议会或君王的事务;
你不想进食,
也不想与任何人同乐,
满怀忧愁地就寝。
洛德法夫尼尔,我劝告你,
愿你听取这忠告,——
听取了,你便会受益,
牢记了,它便于你有益——:
别人的妻子,
你永远不要引诱她
来与你耳语私情。
洛德法夫尼尔,我劝告你,
愿你听取这忠告,——
听取了,你便会受益,
牢记了,它便于你有益——:
若你想要
翻山或渡过峡湾,
务必备足路上的食粮。
洛德法夫尼尔,我劝告你,
愿你听取这忠告,——
听取了,你便会受益,
牢记了,它便于你有益——:
永远不要
让恶人知道
你遭逢的不幸,
因为从恶人那里,
你的好心永远
得不到回报。
我曾见一个男人,
被恶妇的话语
深深咬伤;
一条奸诈的舌头
断送了他的性命,
却并非因他真有什么罪过。
洛德法夫尼尔,我劝告你,
愿你听取这忠告,——
听取了,你便会受益,
牢记了,它便于你有益——:
你要知道,若有一位朋友,
是你深深信赖的人,
便应常去探望,
因为灌木会滋长,
高草会蔓延,
在那无人践踏的路上。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
把善良的人
引为倾心畅谈的伙伴,
有生之年,都要学习抚慰人心的咒歌。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
对你的朋友,
你永远不要
先行断绝情谊;
忧愁会啃噬心灵,
倘若你无法向任何人
倾吐全部心事。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
你永远不该
同愚蠢的猿猴
争辩言语,
因为从恶人那里,
你永远不能
得到善意的回报,
而善良的人
能用赞誉使你
深得众人的喜爱。
当一个人愿向另一人
倾吐自己
全部的心事,情谊便交融;
怎样都好过
反复无信;
只说对方爱听的话,算不得朋友。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
不要同不如你的人
争吵到第三句话;
较好的人往往遭殃,
当较坏的人动手伤人。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
不要充当鞋匠,
也不要替人制作矛杆,
除非只供你自己使用:
鞋若做得不好,
或是矛杆歪斜,
人家便会咒骂你。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
凡你认出邪恶之处,
就要直斥它为邪恶,
不要让你的仇敌安宁。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
永远不要
因恶事而欢喜,
却要因善事而欣悦。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
交战之时,
不要抬头仰望,
——人的子孙
会变得如惊惶的野猪——,
免得旁人施咒迷惑你。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
你若想向好女子
倾诉缠绵的私语,
从她那里获得欢愉,
就当许下美好的诺言,
并且坚守不渝;
谁也不会厌弃到手的美好。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
我要你谨慎,
却不要谨慎过头;
对啤酒尤其要小心,
对别人的妻子也一样,
还有第三件事,
别让盗贼捉弄了你。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
永远不要
拿客人或过路人
讥讽取笑。
坐在屋里的人,
往往并不清楚
来者出自什么门第;
没有谁好得
全无缺点,
也没有谁坏得一无是处。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
对那白发的智者,
你永远不要嘲笑,
老人说的话往往有益;
从干瘪的皮囊里,
往往传出明智的言语,
那皮囊虽与兽皮一同悬挂,
同干皮一同摇荡,
在肠肚间随风飘晃。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
不要辱骂客人,
也不要把他赶到门外;
要善待穷困的人。
那根门闩承受重负,
它必须抬起,
为所有人开门;
你要施舍一枚指环,
否则它便会祈求
你的四肢遭受种种灾殃。
我劝你,洛德法夫尼尔,
你当听取忠告——
听取了,你便会受益,
领会了,便对你有益——:
无论在哪里喝啤酒,
都要借取大地的力量,
因为土能解酒,
火能驱病,
橡树能通便,
谷穗能破妖术,
接骨木能解家中争端,
——应当求月亮平息仇怨——,
石楠能治咬伤,
卢恩符文能除灾祸,
泥土应当承接洪流。
V.
我知道,我曾悬挂
在风吹的树上,
整整九个夜晚,
被长矛刺伤,
献祭给奥丁,
自己献给自己,
就在那棵树上,
无人知晓
它从怎样的根上生长。
无人以面包供养我,
也无人递来饮酒的角杯;
我向下凝望,
拾取了卢恩符文,
呼喊着拾取,
随即从那里坠落。
九首强大的咒歌,
我从博尔索恩那位闻名的儿子那里学来,
博尔索恩是贝斯特拉的父亲;
我还得饮一口
珍贵的蜜酒,
从奥德雷里尔中舀出。
此后我开始茁壮,
获得智慧,
成长而兴盛,
一个词引我
寻得另一个词,
一件事引我
做成另一件事。
你将寻得卢恩符文,
以及可供解读的文字,
极其强大的文字,
极其有力的文字,
由伟大的智者着色,
由神圣的诸神造就,
由诸神之主赫罗普特刻下。
奥丁为阿萨神族,
达因则为精灵,
德瓦林为矮人,
阿斯维德为巨人,
我自己也刻下了其中一些。
你可知道怎样刻写?
你可知道怎样解读?
你可知道怎样着色?
你可知道怎样试验?
你可知道怎样祈求?
你可知道怎样献祭?
你可知道怎样送献?
你可知道怎样宰牲?
宁可不作祈求,
也不要献祭过多,
赠礼总盼着回报;
宁可不作送献,
也不要宰牲过多。
图恩德尔如此刻下,
在众民诞生以前,
他归来之时,
就在那地方起身。
VI.
我懂得那些咒歌,
君王的妻子也不懂,
凡人的儿子也不懂。
第一首名为救助,
它能帮助你
应对争讼与忧伤,
以及一切愁苦。
我懂得第二首,
那是人的子孙所需要的,
若他们想以行医为生。
我懂得第三首:
倘若我急需
束缚我的仇敌,
我能使敌人的
锋刃变钝,
他们的兵器和棍棒便无法伤人。
我懂得第四首:
倘若有人把
绳索缚上我的四肢,
我便吟唱,
使自己能够行走,
脚镣从我脚上迸开,
手铐也从手上脱落。
我懂得第五首:
倘若我看见恶意射出的
投矛穿行于战阵,
无论它飞得多么猛烈,
我都能把它止住,
只要我的眼睛看得见它。
我懂得第六首:
倘若有人借鲜木的根
施术伤害我,
那么那个
吟咒诅咒我的人,
便会代我受灾殃啃噬。
我懂得第七首:
倘若我看见烈焰高腾,
厅堂在众人头顶燃烧,
无论火势蔓延多广,
我都能救下厅堂;
我懂得吟唱这样的咒歌。
我懂得第八首,
无论是谁,
学会它都有益处:
无论何处,仇恨
在君王的子孙间滋长,
我都能迅速化解。
我懂得第九首:
倘若危难逼迫我
拯救漂在水上的船,
我能平息
波涛上的风,
让整片海洋入睡。
我懂得第十首:
倘若看见骑篱的女巫
在空中游荡,
我便施法,
使她们迷失归途,
找不到留在家中的形体,
找不到留在家中的心神。
我懂得第十一首:
倘若我要领着
多年的朋友奔赴战场,
我就在盾牌下吟唱,
他们便威风凛凛地前行,
安然无恙地投入战斗,
安然无恙地退出战斗,
无论从何处归来都安然无恙。
我懂得第十二首:
倘若看见树上
吊死的尸身摇荡,
我便刻下
并着色绘出卢恩符文,
让那人起身行走,
同我说话。
我懂得第十三首:
倘若我要将水
洒在年轻的勇士身上,
他便不会倒下,
即使身入战阵,
也不会倒在刀剑之前。
我懂得第十四首:
倘若我要向众人
逐一列举神明,
阿萨神族和精灵,
每一位的分别我都知晓;
愚人鲜有这样的知识。
我懂得第十五首,
那是矮人提约德雷里尔
在德林门前唱过的歌:
他唱给阿萨神族以力量,
唱给精灵以荣光,
唱给赫罗普塔提尔以智慧。
我懂得第十六首:
倘若我想赢得聪慧女子
全部的爱意与欢情,
我便能转变
那白臂女子的心思,
使她的全部情意转向我。
我懂得第十七首,
使那年轻的姑娘
久久不愿离开我。
这些咒歌,
洛德法夫尼尔,
你还要长久地无缘通晓;
但你若领会,便对你有益,
若能学会,便使你受益,
若能接受,便能助你。
我懂得第十八首,
我永远不会把它传授
给少女或他人的妻子,
——凡事由一人独知,
总是更好;
这话便作咒歌的结尾——,
除非是那唯一一人,
以双臂搂住我的女子,
或是我的姐妹。
VII.
如今哈尔的话语,
已在哈尔的殿堂中吟唱,
对人的子孙极有用处,
对巨人的子孙毫无用处;
愿吟唱者安好,
愿通晓者安好,
愿学得者受益,
愿聆听者安好。